Early (Stage A) prostatic cancer

Summary This study was performed in order to elucidate some of the problems of incidence, morphology and natural history concerned with Stage A prostatic cancer or prostatic microcarcinoma (PMC).The prostates of 100 patients, treated by subtotal prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), were studied by comparing both routine and step-section techniques. The incidence of PMC was 41% by the former and 86% by the latter technique. Assessment of the size of PMC, as measured by the sum of the two main diameters, resulted in three groups: A₁, A₂, A₃. The last of these may represent a frankly malignant condition, judged by size and the histological appearance. Radical prostatectomy is strongly suggested as appropriate therapy for this group.Supported in part by a Grant from the Ministry of Education (art. 286 T.U., 1977/78)     

一种快速、经济、省时的施万细胞体外培养和纯化方法

目的 探讨一种快速、简单、经济的施万细胞(SCs)培养和纯化方法,为SCs体内移植研究提供稳定及可靠的细胞来源.方法 选用SD乳鼠,取坐骨神经和臂丛神经,用单细胞双酶消化法和半植块单酶消化法培养SCs.结果 用同样多的组织材料,半植块单酶消化法所获得的SCs比单细胞双酶消化法所获细胞至少多两倍,省时40min.免疫组织化学染色显示,获得的施万细胞96%以上呈S-100阳性.结论 用半植块单酶消化法培养SCs,可以在短时间内获得足够数量和足够纯度的SCs.     

The Recuperative Effects of REM Sleep and Stage 4 Sleep on Human Performance After Complete Sleep Loss: Experiment 1

Twelve young (17–21 yrs) male Navy recruits volunteered for a sleep loss study. After 4 baseline days, the Ss were completely deprived of sleep for 2 days and nights. Next followed an experimental phase of 2 days and nights after which all Ss received 2 nights of uninterrupted sleep. During the experimental phase, the 4 Ss in the REM-deprived group were aroused whenever they showed signs of REM sleep. The 4 Ss of the stage 4-deprived group were aroused whenever they showed signs of entering stage 4 sleep, and the 4 Ss of the Control group had uninterrupted sleep. All tests (speed and accuracy of addition, speed and accuracy of self-paced vigilance, errors of omission in experimenter paced vigilance, immediate recall of word lists, and mood) showed significant impairment after the first night of complete sleep loss. But during the experimental (sleep-stage-deprivation) and recovery phases, all three groups showed equal rates of recovery. Depriving the S of stage REM or stage 4 during recovery sleep does not affect the recuperation rate. Frequent arousals (50–100 per night) also do not impair recovery. The amount of sleep is probably more important than the kind of sleep.     

One health disparities and COVID-19

 The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected some communities and populations more than others. We propose that an interdisciplinary framework of ‘One Health Disparities’ advances understanding of the social and systemic issues that drive COVID-19 in vulnerable populations. One Health Disparities integrates the social environment with One Health perspectives on the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. To apply this framework, we consider One Health Disparities that emerge in three key components of disease transmission: exposure, susceptibility, and disease expression. Exposure disparities arise through variation in contact with COVID-19’s causative agent, SARS-CoV-2. Disparities in susceptibility and disease expression also exist; these are driven by biological and social factors, such as diabetes and obesity, and through variation in access to healthcare. We close by considering how One Health Disparities informs understanding of spillback into new animal reservoirs, and what this might mean for further human health disparities.Lay summaryOne Health focuses on interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health. We propose that social environments are also important to One Health and help illuminate disparities in the coronavirus pandemic, including its origins, transmission and susceptibility among humans, and spillback to other species. We call this framework One Health Disparities.     

Cross-Sectional Serosurvey of Companion Animals Housed with SARS-CoV-2–Infected Owners,Italy

We conducted a serologic survey among dogs and cats in Italy to detect antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We found that SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was higher among cats (16.2%) than dogs (2.3%). In addition, seroprevalence was higher among animals living in close contact with SARS-CoV-2–positive owners.     

某院“一院多区”管理问题分析及对策探析

医院“一院多区”运营存在问题主要集中在学科布局不合理、人力资源配置及管理模式不科学、同质化不够、运营成本过高、绩效分配不平衡等。针对以上问题,结合医院整体发展实际,从科学设置学科、强化人力资源管理、完善管理机构设置、推进一体化管理、加强成本控制等方面入手,取得显著效果。改革后,院区诊疗人数、经济收入等指标均有明显提高（P<0.05）。认为“一院多区”医院要将新老院区作为整体进行科学统筹,确保一体化和同质化,注重学科长远发展,进而形成科学、合理、可持续的“一院多区”管理模式。     

Applications of platform technologies in veterinary vaccinology and the benefits for one health

The animal-human interface has played a central role in advances made in vaccinology for the past two centuries. Many traditional veterinary vaccines were developed by growing, attenuating, inactivating and fractioning the pathogen of interest. While such approaches have been very successful, we have reached a point where they have largely been exhausted and alternative approaches are required. Furthermore, although subunit vaccines have enhanced safety profiles and created opportunities for combined discrimination between vaccinated and infected animal (DIVA) approaches, their functionality has largely been limited to diseases that can be controlled by humoral immunity until very recently. We now have a new generation of adjuvants and delivery systems that can elicit CD4 + T cells and/or CD8 +  T cell responses in addition to high-titre antibody responses. We review the current vaccine platform technologies, describe their roles in veterinary vaccinology and discuss how knowledge of their mode of action allows informed decisions on their deployment with wider benefits for One Health.     

前牙缺失中种植基桩数目对种植固定桥适合性影响的实验研究

为探讨前牙321缺失中不同种植基桩数目对Ni-Cr合金种植固定桥桥支架适合性的影响,采用三维坐标测量法,对3组分别含有1、2、3个种植基桩的五单位双端固定桥试件进行测量.结果显示选择不同的种植基桩数目对同一长度的铸件的精度有差别,含2个基桩的试件精度最高.固位体的理论边缘间隙值在50～150μm,理论浮升量在100～250μm.     

一期切除吻合术在左半结肠急性梗阻中的应用(附33例报告)

目的：探讨左半结肠急性梗阻如何安全实施一期切除吻合术。方法：回顾分析左半结肠急性梗阻行一期切除吻合术３３例。结果：一期愈合３１例,吻合口瘘１例,死亡率１例。结论：左半结肠急性梗阻只要正确掌握一期切除吻合术适应症,以及完善术中术后处理,可以安全施行一期切除吻合术。     

Outcome of combination chemotherapy in extensive stage small-cell lung cancer: Any treatment related progress?

During the past two decades many different treatment regimens of combination chemotherapy have been applied in extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study was carried out to identify whether these modifications have resulted in an improved overall survival for extensive stage during the past two decades. In total, 1111 patients with extensive stage SCLC were included in six consecutive randomised trials in our setting from 1973 until 1992. Of these, 526 patients treated in the early period (1973–1981) were compared with 585 patients treated in the late period (1981–1992) with respect to pretreatment prognostic factors, staging, treatment and outcome. No change in the distribution of prognostic factors was detected and the frequency of patients with extensive stage was equal in the two periods, and no difference in overall response rates and survival was observed (P=0.49). Median survival in the two periods was 208 days and 215 days, respectively. No stage migration or treatment-related improved outcome was observed in extensive disease. We suggest restricting aggressive treatment to patients with favorable prognosis and long-term survival as a realistic aim.