Neonatal seizures

The newborn brain is particularly vulnerable to seizures which are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. The clinical manifestations of seizures in infants differ from those seen in older children and adults. The problem of electro-clinical dissociation, where there is no temporal correspondence between electrical paroxysms and repetitive stereotyped motor phenomena, is common in the newborn. There is at present very little information on which clinicians can base a rational decision about treatment which is often ineffective and does not alter neurodevelopmental outcome. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding investigation, treatment and prognosis of neonatal seizures. Received: 19 July 1996 / Accepted: 15 August 1996     

Pain in the newborn, a possible new starting point

Received: 3 May 1996 and in revised form: 15 August 1996 / Accepted: 15 August 1996     

新生儿窒息多器官损害的临床研究

为了解窒息后多器官损害的发生率、临床特点及围产因素与多器官损害间的关系，对本院１４７例窒息新生儿进行了分析。结果：（１）窒息后器官损害的发生率为７４．８％，脑损害的发生率为６５．３％，其中轻中度８１例，重度１５例，肾脏损害４２．９％，肺脏损害３７．４％，心脏损害３３．３％，胃肠损害５．４％；（２）轻度窒息的多器官损害为２８．１％，明显低于重症窒息的６９．６％（Ｘ２＝２５．２５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）器官损害的发生率及严重程度与孕周、重度窒息、５分钟Ａｐｇａｒ评分＜５分及机械通气相关，而与羊水胎粪污染程度及宫内窘迫关系不大。提示：应加强围产期保健，预防早产，防止窒息，推广新法复苏及复苏后监护。     

Teratoma of the tongue in neonates: report of a case and review of the literature

A female newborn presented with a huge mass protruding from the mouth. She had no respiratory distress but had difficulty swallowing. The mass originated from the tongue and was completely extirpated on the day of birth. The histologic diagnosis was mature teratoma. Three days later, another mass measuring 1 cm in diameter was found attached to the upper pharyngeal wall and was also completely extirpated 20 days after birth. The histologic diagnosis was also mature teratoma. The infant had a complete cleft palate, but no other malformation was found. Two years after surgery there is no sign of recurrence. Accepted: 22 August 1997     

Need for a reliable pain evaluation scale in the newborn in Sweden

BACKGROUND: A major problem in pain treatment in the newborn is the ability to assess the degree of experienced pain. Several different methods for estimating pain in the newborn have been introduced in recent years. The objectives of this study were to see whether pain scoring was used in Swedish neonatal units, and by which method, and furthermore to observe whether any changes had occurred between 1993 and 1998. METHOD: A questionnaire was distributed to all Swedish neonatal units in 1993 and 1998. RESULTS: In both 1993 and 1998, 86% of all clinics answered the questionnaire. Two-thirds of these clinics used some method for estimating pain in the newborn at both times. Eight clinics used a structured method in the latter period compared to one in the earlier period. A higher proportion of units having full intensive care measured pain compared to other units. CONCLUSION: The study shows that an unchanging low proportion of neonatal units in Sweden attempt to assess pain. There is a minor increase in the number of departments that use a structured method for pain scoring. Documentation of pain intensity is still inadequate and should be improved.     

孕妇锌 铜 钙 磷营养状况对新生儿的影响

目的 :观察孕妇锌、铜、钙、磷营养状况对新生儿的影响。方法 :测定未孕妇女及孕妇血清和新生儿脐血锌、铜、钙、磷水平 ,并对孕妇进行膳食调查。结果 :孕期血清锌有下降趋势 ,血清铜、磷显著升高 ,脐血锌、钙高于母血水平 ,铜、磷低于母血水平 ;孕晚期锌与新生儿出生体重呈正相关 ;孕妇膳食中锌、钙摄入量不足。结论 :孕妇锌、铜、钙、磷营养状况对新生儿有一定的影响     

新生儿缺氧缺血性心脏损害早期诊疗的预后探讨

目的:研究新生儿缺氧缺血性心脏损害(HIM)早期诊断和及早微量多巴胺治疗对HIM预后的影响,探讨改善预后的措施。方法:对63例窒息新生儿48 h肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)及心电图QT间期弥散度(QTcd)明显异常的HIM患儿及早微量多巴胺治疗,1-2周后再复查并与32例无窒息新生儿对照比较。结果:HIM组与对照组比较患儿发病48 h内CK-MB及QTcd均明显升高(P<0.001),经及早微量多巴胺治疗等措施1-2周后HIM患儿CK-MB及QTcd均显著下降,而产后缺氧组较胎儿期缺氧组下降更明显(P<0.005),且胎儿期缺氧组并发症多,预后差(P<0.005)。结论:CK-MB及QTcd相结合可作为HIM早期诊断指标,及早微量多巴胺治疗等措施,对改善预后意义重大。     

全身炎症反应综合征新生儿的凝血功能研究

目的　探讨全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)新生儿凝血功能的变化及其临床意义。方法　符合SIRS诊断标准的新生儿 12 6例 ,在入院后 2 4h内进行新生儿危重病例评分 ,并采血测定凝血酶原时间 (PT)、凝血酶时间 (TT)、部分活化凝血活酶时间 (APTT)、D 二聚体 (DD)含量和血小板 (PLT)计数。分别以SIRS符合项数及预后、疾病严重程度分组 ,观察其与凝血功能紊乱间的关系。结果　随着SIRS符合项数的增加 ,SIRS新生儿中危重病例所占百分比及病死率明显增高 ,PT、TT、APTT、DD也增高 ,具有明显的相关性。存活组与死亡组间PT、TT、APTT差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,死亡组DD显著高于存活组 (P <0 0 1)。危重症组PT、TT、APTT、DD与非危重症组比较 ,差异均具显著性意义 (P<0 0 1)。结论　SIRS新生儿存在凝血机制的活化 ,符合SIRS诊断标准项数越多 ,病情越重 ,凝血功能紊乱越显著 ,病死率越高。     

孕妇血型抗体效价与新生儿ABO血型和ABO溶血的关系

目的　分析新生儿 O、 A、 B型血型与孕妇血型抗体效价的关系 ,了解能否用血型抗体效价≥ 1:5 12来预测新生儿 ABO溶血的严重程度。　方法　 35 4例孕妇为 O型血型、丈夫为 A、B、 AB型血型 ,孕妇分娩时测定抗体效价 ,分娩后立即采集脐血做新生儿溶血病检测。　结果　新生儿血型不论是 A型、 B型 ,还是 O型 ,母亲血液中均可以检出抗 A或抗 B抗体 ,O型组新生儿与A、 B型组新生儿中母亲 Ig G抗 A或抗 B抗体效价分布不同 ,差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。新生儿 ABO溶血的发生率与母亲抗体效价相关 ,效价越高 ,新生儿 ABO溶血发生率越高 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但母亲抗体效价与新生儿溶血性贫血的发生率不相关。　结论　母亲血型免疫抗体效价的高低与新生儿血型有关 ,血型抗体效价≥ 1:5 12不能作为新生儿 ABO溶血严重程度的预测指标     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病脑细胞凋亡研究

目的 探讨因患缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxlc ischemic cnccphalopath，HIE)死亡新生儿的脑组织是否存在细胞凋亡情况。方法 收集因HIE死亡新生儿5例(HIE组)及非因HIE死亡新生儿2例(非HIE组)，以肺活检穿刺针自前囟穿刺取脑组织，通过HE染色、原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记法(TUNEL)及电镜等方法，观察脑细胞病理形态变化，计数单位面积下凋亡阳性细胞数。结果 HIE组新生儿脑细胞在光镜及电镜下观察可见较多凋亡细胞及坏死细胞，TUNEL，染色凋亡细胞阳性率平均约10．90个/mm^2，非HIE组新生儿脑细胞少见凋亡，阳性率约3．50个/mm^2，电镜下细胞结构保存完整。结论 患HIE死亡新生儿脑细胞存在凋亡，从在体研究方面证实细胞凋亡参与新生儿HIE发病机制。