High-frequency ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in newborn babies with respiratory distress syndrome: A prospective,randomized trial

Objective Morbidity and mortality remain high amongst babies ventilated for a respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Whether newly developed ventilators allowing high frequency ventilation such as high frequency flow interrupted ventilation (HFFIV) could decrease the morbidity and the mortality was investigated in a randomized study.Design Preterm babies weighing 1800g suffering from RDS and ventilated by conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) were randomized to be further ventilated either by CMV (group CMV) or by HFFIV (group HFFIV) when peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) on CMV was 20cmH₂O.Setting The study was undertaken in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Erasmus Hospital.Patients 24 patients entered into the investigation and were randomized but 2 patients were removed from the study because the switch over to HFFIV failed. Eight of the 12 CMV patients and 5 of the 10 HFFIV patients completed the study.Measurements and results Clinical variables, blood gas analysis and ventilatory variables were looked at. There were no differences in mortality, in incidence of air leaks and pulmonary complications or in blood gas analysis. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was not decreased by the use of HFFIV.Conclusion It is concluded that HFFIV is safe although it offers no concrete advantages over CMV when applied as we did in a low pressure approach.     

Relative incidence and mortality of congenital heart defects diagnosed by angiohemodynamic methods: A 17-year study

Summary Over a 17-year period (January 1971 to January 1988), 2322 children, aged 0–14 years, were diagnosed as having congenital heart disease (CHD) by cardiac catheterization and angiography. Excluding those with highly complex or undiagnosed defects, there were 2156 children with CHD, 72.4% of whom were treated surgically with a total surgical mortality rate of 24.1%. After a mean follow-up of 9 years the overall mortality of the cohort was 29.9%, 29.1% occurring in the first month of life, 39.6% between 1 month 1 year, and 31.2% between 1 and 14 years. The incidence, mortality, and age at death of each cardiac defect are presented and compared with the results of other studies. The overall mortality for congenital heart defects in eastern Spain remains elevated, whereas there has been a significant decrease in neonatal mortality and a trend towards a lower mortality in the last years of the study.     

Neutrophil chemotaxis in infants delivered by caesarean section

We evaluated polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) chemotaxis and cortisol levels in cord blood from 15 healthy term infants delivered by caesarean section and from 15 healthy vaginally delivered term infants. Mean neutrophil chemotaxis was significantly higher in infants delivered by caesarean section (78.3±23.4m) than in vaginally delivered infants (57.8±16.6 m;P=0.01). Mean blood cortisol level was significantly lower in infants delivered by caesarean section (9.14±2.76 g/dl) than in infants born by vaginal delivery (20.71±6.98 g/dl;P=0.0001). No relationship was found between PMN chemotaxis and blood cortisol level. The higher neutrophil chemotactic activity observed in infants delivered by caesarean section could be related to general maternal anaesthesia.     

硫酸镁对20例新生儿持续肺动脉高压的疗效观察

目的：观察硫酸镁对新生儿持续肺动脉高压（PPHN）的治疗效果。方法：将30例PPHN患儿随机分为治疗组20例，对照组10例，治疗组在对照组机械通气等综合治疗的基础上加用硫酸镁，结果：治疗组与对照比较有效率有显著性差异，P＜0．05，血氧明显改善时间、机械通气时间和住院时间均明显优于对照组，P均＜0．02，结论：硫权镁治疗PPHN疗效满意。     

镁与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病:附55例临床分析

目的:探讨镁与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的关系。方法:随机选择HIE病例55例和对照组25例,将其入院后第一次血清镁测量值进行对比,结果进行u检验。结果:血清镁HIE组为(0.65±0.14)mmol/l,对照组为(0.80±0.09)mmol/l,P<0.01。结论:新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病有低镁倾向,且病情程度越重,血镁降低越明显。     

早期小剂量多巴胺治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病

目的　观察早期应用小剂量多巴胺治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (HIE)的疗效。方法　在常规治疗基础上 ,治疗组患儿早期应用多巴胺 5μg·kg- 1 ·min- 1 静脉滴注。结果　治疗组疗效显著优于对照组 ,P<0 0 1 ,治疗组患儿治疗 5～ 7d后全部痊愈出院。结论　早期应用小剂量多巴胺治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病可降低病死率 ,缩短疗程     

畸变产物耳声发射用于新生儿听力筛查的影响因素分析

目的 探讨畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)用于新生儿听力筛查的影响因素。方法 采用GSI-70全自动便携式耳声发射仪进行新生儿听力筛查，在筛查同时，自制问卷表，对新生儿的出生史，母亲妊娠史，家族史，父母社会阶层等35个因素进行调查，调查结果运用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果 住院期间82．8％的(3242／3944)新生儿通过筛查，通过率右耳高于左耳，女婴高于男婴，单胎高于多胎，足月儿高于早产儿，正常及高出生体重儿高于低出生体重儿，阴道助产高于自然产、剖宫产，P值均小于0．05。多因素logistic回归分析，出生体重、性别、胎数与初筛结果相关。42天复筛，96．4％(3167／3284)通过筛查，影响初筛结果的因素对复筛无影响。结论 新生儿的性别、分娩方式、胎数、孕周、出生体重对应用DPOAE进行的新生儿听力筛查的初筛结果有显著影响。     

新生儿窒息复苏后早期凝血功能的变化及临床意义

目的探讨新生儿窒息复苏后早期凝血功能的变化及其临床意义。方法检测58例窒息复苏后的新生儿血浆D-二聚体(DD)、蛋白C(PC)水平以及凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)和部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT),并与20例正常新生儿比较。结果重度窒息组血浆DD值增高,PC值降低,与正常对照组或轻度窒息组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0.01)。轻度窒息组血浆DD值亦增高,与正常对照组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0.01),而PC值与正常对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。轻度窒息组和重度窒息组血浆PT、TT、及APTT均较对照组延长,比较差异具显著性意义(P<0.05和P<0.01);重度窒息组PT、TT及APTT与轻度窒息组比较,差异亦具显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论新生儿窒息复苏后早期多数存在凝血功能紊乱,主要表现高凝状态,且凝血功能紊乱程度与窒息程度相关。对窒息新生儿复苏后早期进行凝血功能监测具有重要的临床意义。     

Neonatal seizures

The newborn brain is particularly vulnerable to seizures which are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. The clinical manifestations of seizures in infants differ from those seen in older children and adults. The problem of electro-clinical dissociation, where there is no temporal correspondence between electrical paroxysms and repetitive stereotyped motor phenomena, is common in the newborn. There is at present very little information on which clinicians can base a rational decision about treatment which is often ineffective and does not alter neurodevelopmental outcome. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding investigation, treatment and prognosis of neonatal seizures. Received: 19 July 1996 / Accepted: 15 August 1996     

Pain in the newborn, a possible new starting point

Received: 3 May 1996 and in revised form: 15 August 1996 / Accepted: 15 August 1996