Orthodontic treatment need in Egyptian schoolchildren

The aim of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment need and prevalence of malocclusion in 11–15-years-old Egyptian schoolchildren using the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). A further aim was to compare the results with those from other populations matched for gender and age. The study followed the World Health Organization recommendations for oral health surveys. The sample comprised 1,464 schoolchildren (720 males and 744 females) who had not undergone orthodontic treatment, divided into two groups: 719 from 11–<13-years-old and 745 from 13–15-years-old, out of a representative sample of the school population of Mansoura Community. The IOTN results were analyzed with regard to gender using the Chi-square test. Orthodontic treatment need, using the DHC, was found in 21.5 per cent of the 11–<13-years-old and in 18.1 per cent of the 13–15-years-old; and with the AC, in 5.1 and 3.7 per cent, respectively. Considering the total sample, 19.8 and 4.4 per cent of the schoolchildren had a definite treatment need according to IOTN DHC and IOTN AC respectively. No gender dependent differences were found. It can be concluded that Egyptian orthodontic treatment need is similar to that reported in most recent studies; with approximately one in five to six children with an orthodontic treatment need.     

Patterns and characteristics of ambulance attendance at heroin overdose at a local-area level in Melbourne,Australia: Implications for service provision

The monitoring of heroin use and related harms is undertaken in Australia with a view to inform policy responses. Some surveillance data on heroin-related harms is well suited to inform the planning and delivery of heroin-related services, such as needle and syringe provision. This article examines local-area variation in the characteristics of nonfatal heroin overdoses attended by ambulances in Melbourne over the period June 1998 to October 2000 to inform the delivery of services to the heroin-using population in Melbourne. Five so-called hot spot local government areas were considered in relation to the remainder of the Melbourne metropolitan area. Significant local-area variations in the characteristics of nonfatal heroin overdoses were evident over the study period, including the number of heroin overdoses, the age and sex of the people attended, the time of the attendance, the likelihood of hospitalization, and the likelihood of police coattendance. The implications of the finding are discussed in terms of service provision (e.g., opening hours) within the five hot spot local government areas, and it is argued that the analyses undertaken could easily be applied to other jurisdictions for which comparable data are available.     

护士对护理知识需求的调查及分析

目的 了解浙江省医院护士对护理知识的需求.方法 自行设计调查问卷,调查浙江省不同医院256名护士对护理知识的需求状况.结果 护士对护理知识的需求程度较高、需求内容广泛,获取知识的方式多样化.结论护士对护理知识的需求迫切,为护士提供全面、实用、快速有效的护理知识系统很有必要.     

Hearing status,need for recovery after work,and psychosocial work characteristics: Results from an internet-based national survey on hearing

The main aim of the study is to address the relationship between hearing status and need for recovery. In addition, the role of hearing status in the relationship between psychosocial work characteristics (i.e. job demands and job control) and need for recovery was assessed. The sample comprised 925 normally-hearing and hearing-impaired working adults (aged 18–65 years) participating in the National Longitudinal Study on Hearing. Hearing status was determined using the national hearing (speech-in-noise) test over the internet. Psychosocial work characteristics and need for recovery were assessed using the job content questionnaire and the Dutch questionnaire on the experience and assessment of work. Regression models revealed a significant association between hearing status and need for recovery after work, poorer hearing leading to an increasing need for recovery. Additionally, poorer hearing led to a higher odds for risky levels of need for recovery. Hearing status did not influence the significant relationship between psychosocial work characteristics (i.e. job demand and job control) and need for recovery after work. Implications for clinical practice, such as the necessity of having adequate enablement programs for this specific group of patients, are discussed.     

肺结核患者健康教育需求的调查

目的了解肺结核患者健康教育需求。方法采用自行设计的问卷调查表，对500例肺结核患者进行健康教育需求调查。结果肺结核患者的总体疾病知识需求较高，平均为95.1％，健康教育方法的需求平均为93.8％。结论医护人员应重视肺结核患者的健康教育，有针对性地进行宣教。     

掌侧锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的体会

目的:探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内、不稳定骨折的方法及其效果。方法:掌侧LCP治疗30例桡骨远端关节内、不稳定性骨折(按AO/ASIF桡骨远端骨折分类:B2型4例,B3型9例,C1型7例,C2型8例,C3型2例)患者。结果:随访6～24个月(平均12个月),腕关节功能按Sarmiento标准评定,优17例、良9例、可3例、差1例。采用腕关节功能及X线片测量指标进行综合评定:优19例,良8例,差3例,优良率达90%。结论:对桡骨远端关节内、不稳定性骨折,掌侧LCP具有手术简便、复位准确、固定牢靠、有效防止复位丢失疗效满意的优点,辅以植骨能有效防止关节面塌陷、促进骨折愈合,避免肌腱激惹等并发症,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

住院成年患者对家庭护理需求的调查研究

目的 了解住院成年患者对家庭护理需求情况,并探讨其相关因素,为社区家庭护理提供信息和依据.方法 采用自行设计问卷,调查172例住院患者的家庭护理需求情况.结果 56例占32.6%认为需要家庭护理,66例占38.4%人为无所谓,50例占29.0%认为不需要;需求情况与了解程度呈正相关.不同科室、年龄组、自觉健康程度水平组间家庭护理需要程度比较有显著差异.在开放性问题中部分人表示对社区护理水平不放心.结论 成年患者对家庭护理有一定需求,应完善成年患者家庭护理体系,提高社区护理水平.     

老年髋部骨折行髋关节置换术后患者出院时延续护理需求的质性研究

目的深入了解老年髋部骨折行髋关节置换术后患者出院时的延续护理需求。方法采用目的抽样法,于2019年1—3月对15例接受全髋关节置换的老年髋部骨折患者出院时进行半结构式访谈,并用Colaizzi 7步法分析资料,了解其需求问题。结果通过分析、整理和提炼,得出患者术后关心的3个主题,分别为对健康教育的需求、对改善不良心理的需求、对卫生服务资源的需求。结论接受全髋关节置换术的髋部骨折患者在生理、心理、社会等方面存在诸多负担与需求。护理人员应加强对此类患者的关注,做好针对性的疏导干预,为出院患者提供详尽的健康教育,以提高其自我照护能力。     

慢性肝病住院患者护理需求调查

目的了解慢性肝病住院患者的护理需求。方法对65例慢性肝病住院患者进行问卷调查。结果慢性肝病患者最为需求的是判断病情、及时处理；操作轻巧、减轻痛苦；善良周到，尽职尽责；对患者不厌烦，不嫌弃；提供用药、饮食、自我病情观察指导；保证安静、整洁、方便的就医环境等6个方面。结论护理工作需要满足患者各方面的需求，了解并满足患者的需求是提高护理工作质量的重要环节。