护士角色患者化与模拟人技能培训法对护理服务质量的影响

目的探讨护士角色患者化与模拟人两种技能培训法对护理服务质量的影响。方法随机选择我院独立执业3年以上的临床一线护士34名为培训学员,另选择34名护士长为指导老师,采用抽签方式进行分组,每4人为一组,共分为17个组,其中2名护士长为指导老师。首先采用模型人培训法,即在模型上对17项基础护理服务技能按操作程序进行操作,然后再采用护士角色患者化培训法,即互为患者对17项基础护理服务技能按操作程序进行操作。采用自制的护理服务质量调查表,从指导老师、护士评价两方面对两种培训方法的护理服务质量进行比较。结果模拟人操作培训法的指导老师评价、护士评价对护理服务满意度都较低,分别为24．0％、38．5％,护士评价的满意度高于指导老师评价,差异有统计学意义（Х^2=17．63,P〈0．05）。护士角色患者化培训法的指导老师评价、护士评价的护理服务满意度都较高分别为98．3％、99％,且明显高于模拟人培训法,指导老师评价、护士评价比较,差异无统计学意义（Х^2=1．468,P〉0．05）。结论护士角色患者化培训法可让护士从患者角度去感受护理服务中的缺陷,更能体验患者的病痛和需求,从而主动遵守操作规程,实施人性化的护理服务,提高服务质量。     

急慢性大鼠梗阻性黄疸模型的建立

目的:探讨急慢性SD大鼠梗阻性黄疸模型的建立,评价其模拟临床梗阻性黄疸的价值,提供一种新型的慢性梗阻性黄疸模型.方法:SD大鼠随机分成3组,每组每时段6只:急性梗阻性黄疸模型组(A组),慢性梗阻性黄疸模型组(B组),对照组(C组).造模后于第1、2、3、4、5周分别抽取大鼠静脉血检查肝功能,显微镜下刻度目镜检测大鼠胆总管直径,光学显微镜观察肝组织的病理改变,其中第4周行胆总管十二指肠吻合再通.结果:A组造模术后4wk内黄疸进行性加重(TB:749.38μmol/L±38.99μmol/Lvs84.86μmol/L±49.09μmol/L,P<0.05),胆总管直径扩张明显(1.50cm±0.30cmvs0.35cm±0.15cm,P<0.05),肝细胞变性、坏死明显,伴有增生.第4周行胆总管与十二指肠端侧吻合后黄疸消退明显(TB:153.93μmol/L±57.36μmol/Lvs749.38μmol/L±38.99μmol/L).B组造模术后黄疸呈现波动性,胆总管直径扩张(0.20cm±0.15cmvs0.30cm±0.10cm,P<0.05),肝细胞以变性为主,并有纤维组织增生.第4周行胆总管与十二指肠端...     

MELD评分评估血浆置换治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的疗效

目的应用终末期肝病模型（MELD）评价血浆置换（PE）治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的临床疗效。方法对112例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者进行PE治疗,检测总胆红素、国际标准化比值和肌酐水平以计算MELD分值。按照治疗前患者MELD分值〈30分、30～40分和≥40分分成三组,观察各组3个月内的病死率。结果 PE治疗后112例患者血生化指标改善;3个月内,在MELD评分〈30的63例患者中,死亡12例（19%）;在30≤MELD评分〈40分的34例患者中,死亡20例（58.8%）;在MELD评分≥40分的15例患者中,死亡15例（100%,P〈0.05）。结论 MELD评分系统能预测PE治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的预后。     

Gender differences in trait aggression in young adults with drug and alcohol dependence compared to the general population

Objective

Data in gender differences in aggression among alcohol and drug dependent subjects are lacking, and no published data are available about gender differences among various subtypes of substance using populations. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to investigate gender differences with regard to types of trait aggression in substance dependent young populations (age: 20-35 years) compared to the general population.

Methods

Subjects were selected from two clinical samples with a diagnosis of alcohol and drug dependence as well as from a representative sample of the general population. Trait aggression was measured by the four individual subscales of the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (physical-PA, verbal aggression-VA, hostility-H and anger AN) whereas alcohol and drug use were characterized by the AUDIT and EuroADAD scales, respectively.

Results

Alcohol and drug dependent subjects showed higher severity on all four subscales of trait aggression compared to the general population. The male-female difference was the highest in the cannabis group. General Linear Model analysis for PA indicated a significant main effect of gender (higher PA for males, p = 0.034) with no interaction between substance dependence and gender. For VA, no main effect or interaction for gender was found. Effect sizes for gender difference indicated that while males and females were similar in the control group in the severity in H and A, the level of H and AN was substantially higher in females than in males in the clinical group. These differences between the two genders reached statistical significance in the marijuana group, where female subjects showed a significantly higher severity in these two domains.

Conclusions

Compared to the normal sample chronic substance use is associated with higher scores on certain factors of trait aggression, including hostility and anger, in females than in males. Our data suggest that aggression in substance dependent females is more provocable by chronic use of alcohol and drugs than in males.     

中医屈指推法的生物力学建模及分析

背景：推拿医学发展趋势是逐步摆脱单纯经验化的模式,走向客观化、精确化、量化和个体化,使推拿医师能控制手法的力量、时间、方向、频率等各项指标。 目的：建立中医一指禅推法(屈指)的生物力学模型,探索在体情况下无0法无创检测的关节作用力的计算方法。 方法：采用摄像技术,采集一指禅推法(屈指)的运动学数据,同时利用FZ-I型中医推拿手法测力分析仪采集作用力数据,依此建立手法的生物力学模型并计算各主要关节的作用力。 结果与结论：建立了4杆件、5结点的中医一指禅推法(屈指)生物力学模型,计算得到了拇指指间关节、拇指掌指关节、腕关节和肘关节的作用力,分析了各关节在手法运动中的作用,与操作医师的实际感受一致。提示由中医一指禅推法(屈指)的生物力学模型可计算推拿过程中各关节的作用力,可为手法教学和研究提供一定的帮助。