大学生学习动力分析

目的调查大学生学习动力现状,探讨其激励机制和方法、途径。方法通过自制问卷,调查某军医大学学员学习动力情况。结果大学生学习动力主要是自身前途(62.0%)、考试压力(47.2%)、兴趣爱好(38.0%)、父母要求(25.1%)、奖学金等荣誉(17.3%)、学校浓厚的学习氛围(11.2%);动力缺失的原因依次为对所学专业不感兴趣(48.4%)、学校学风不好(25.1%)、学习成绩好坏与就业前景无关(23.4%)、个人功底差,付出与成绩不成正比(23.1%),教师教学效果差(21.3%);大学生认为提升学习动力的方法依次为:提高教师授课水平(55.1%)、加强学术交流(49.4%)、营造良好校园文化氛围(49.0%)、改善学校软硬件设施(45.5%)、改革教学制度(44.0%)、组织课外科研竞赛及兴趣小组(41.0%)。结论针对学习动力缺失的原因,结合不同学生的具体情况,有针对性地建立激励机制,不断提升大学生的学习动力。     

The ABC's of Nutritional Assessment in Older Adults

No abstract available for this article.     

Accessibility of Medical Diagnostic Equipment for Patients With Disability: Observations From Physicians

ObjectiveTo explore attitudes and practices of physicians relating to accessible medical diagnostic equipment in serving patients with mobility disability.DesignOpen-ended individual telephone interviews, which reached data saturation. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim for qualitative conventional content analysis.SettingMassachusetts, the United States, October 2017-January 2018.ParticipantsPracticing physicians from 5 clinical specialties (N=20).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresCommon themes concerning physical accessibility.ResultsMean ± SD time in practice was 27.5±12.5 years; 14 practices had height-adjustable examination tables; and 7 had wheelchair-accessible weight scales. The analysis identified 6 broad themes: height-adjustable examination tables have advantages; height-adjustable examination tables have drawbacks; transferring patients onto examination tables is challenging; rationale for examining patients in their wheelchairs; perceptions of wheelchair-accessible weight scales; and barriers and facilitators to improving physical accessibility. Major barriers identified by participants included costs of equipment, limited space, and inadequate payment for extra time required to care for persons with disability. Even physicians with accessible examination tables sometimes examined patients seated in their wheelchairs.ConclusionsEven if physicians have accessible equipment, they do not always use it in examining patients with disability. Future efforts will need to consider ways to eliminate these access barriers in clinical practice. Given small sample size, results are not generalizable to physicians nationwide and globally.