态度接种对青少年态度改变的影响

目的:检验态度接种对青少年态度改变的影响。方法:整群抽取某校初二4个班的学生225名,测查安乐死态度,筛选113名对安乐死持反对态度的初二学生,按班级分为4组,每组约30人,分别接受不同的态度干预处理,两周后再次测查安乐死态度,探讨态度干预对青少年安乐死态度改变的影响。结果:在对待安乐死的态度上,干预后的各组被试存在显著的组间差异(F=26.180,P0.001),事后检验表明,态度接种组与对照组的差异显著,态度接种组比对照组更倾向于保持原有态度;强烈攻击组与对照组存在显著差异,对照组更倾向于保持原有态度;对照组与组合干预组差异不显著。结论:态度接种有助于青少年维护原有态度、抵制态度改变,态度接种组更加坚信自己原有态度的正确性,而且,这种影响效应具有一定的持续性。     

大面积脑梗死后出血性转化的CT诊断新认识

目的 提高对大面积脑梗死后出血性转化的CT诊断水平及新认识.方法 对60例大面积脑梗死后出血性转化的CT资料进行回顾性分析.结果 大面积脑梗死后复查头部CT,常规扫描37例,薄层扫描23例.出血性转化在梗死后1d检出3例,2～3 d检出16例,4～7 d检出9例,8～14 d检出32例.CT表现分3型：中心型（13例）、边缘型（21例）、混合型（26例）.结论“出血性转化”已代替“出血性脑梗死”和“梗死后出血”,大面积脑梗死最易发生出血性转化,影像学检查是诊断出血性转化的金标准,CT为首选的主要检查方法,薄层扫描更利于病变早期检出,对指导临床选择治疗方案及预后判断具有重要意义.     

基于海量视频存储技术的超声动态影像工作站系统

针对当前超声影像面临的问题及制约因素，详细介绍了基于海量存储技术的超声影像工作站系统构成及特点，并全面分析了该新型工作站系统的主要功能和应用效果。     

The effectiveness of a ‘Code Red’ transfusion request policy initiated by pre-hospital physicians

BackgroundMajor trauma is a leading cause of mortality and serious morbidity. Recent approaches to life-threatening traumatic haemorrhage have emphasized the importance of early blood product transfusion. We have implemented a pre-hospital transfusion request policy where a pre-hospital physician can request the presence of a major transfusion pack on arrival at the destination trauma centre.ObjectivesThis study was performed to establish whether three simple criteria (1) suspicion or evidence of active haemorrhage (2) systolic BP <90 mmHg (3) failure of blood pressure to respond to an intravenous fluid bolus) which were used to activate a pre-hospital ‘Code Red’ transfusion request accurately identified seriously injured patients who required transfusion on arrival at hospital.MethodsProspective evaluation of all pre-hospital ‘Code Red’ requests over a 30-month period (August 2008–May 2011) was performed for patients transported to a major trauma centre. Mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, hospital mortality, and use of blood products were recorded. Patients were followed up to hospital discharge.Results176 ‘Code Red’ activations were made in the study period. 129 patients were transported to the Trauma Centre. Mechanism of injury was penetrating trauma in 39 (30%) cases, road traffic collision in 58 (45%), falls in 18 (14%) and ‘other’ in 14 (10.8%). Complete data was available for 126 patients. Of the patients reaching hospital, 20 died in the emergency department or operating theatre, 22 died following admission and 84 survived to hospital discharge. Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 29.1. (range 0–66). Overall, 115 (91%) of the patients declared ‘Code Red’ pre-hospital received blood product transfusion after arrival in hospital. Eleven patients did not receive any blood products following hospital admission. In patients declared ‘Code Red’ pre-hospital, mean packed red blood cell transfusion in the first 24-h was 10.4 unit (95% CI 8.4–12.3 unit).ConclusionsThe use of simple pre-hospital criteria allowed physicians to successfully identify trauma patients with severe injury and a requirement for blood product transfusion. This allowed blood products to be ready on the patient's arrival in a major trauma centre with the potential for earlier transfusion.     

内科保守治疗与不同手术时机去骨瓣减压治疗大面积脑梗死的对比研究

目的对比内科保守治疗与不同手术时机去骨瓣减压手术治疗大面积梗死的临床效果。方法选取我院收治的60例急性大面积梗死患者,根据治疗情况及手术时机的不同,分为A组(内科保守治疗)、B组(脑疝发生后行去骨瓣减压手术)、C组(脑疝发生前行去骨瓣减压手术)各20例。比较3组治疗后NIHSS、GCS、BI、mRS评分、功能恢复状况、病死率及预后情况。结果与治疗前相比,3组治疗后1个月NIHSS评分均明显下降(P0.05),且C组下降幅度更大,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3组治疗后GCS、BI及mRS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),C组GCS及BI评分最高,mRS评分最低。治疗后6个月,3组病死率、功能恢复状况及预后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。讨论去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的疗效及短期预后情况显著优于内科保守治疗,且脑疝前期实施手术有利于患者生存率的提高及功能恢复、预后情况的改善。     

亚低温对大面积脑梗死患者开颅术后血清中TNF-α、IL-6水平的影响

目的探讨亚低温对大面积脑梗死的神经保护机制。方法选取2010年1月—2013年12月该院60例大面积脑梗死手术患者,随机分为两组,每组30例。对照组按常规治疗,亚低温治疗组加用亚低温治疗。分别于伤后1、3、5、7 d采血,用放射免疫分析法测定血清TNF-α和IL-6的含量。结果伤后1 d两组患者血浆TNF-α和IL-6含量均明显升高,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);自伤后3 d起两组患者血清TNF-α和IL-6含量均呈下降趋势,亚低温治疗组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论亚低温可通过抑制大面积脑梗死后TNF-α和IL-6的合成与分泌,减轻炎症反应程度,从而发挥神经保护作用。