Persistent Bleeding After Laparoscopic Supracervical Hysterectomy

Background and Objectives:

In our clinical experience, there seemed to be a correlation between cervical stump bleeding and adenomyosis. Therefore, we wanted to conduct a study to determine whether there was an actual correlation and to identify other risk factors for persistent bleeding after a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy.

Methods:

The study included women who underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2012. Data were collected on age, postmenopausal status, body mass index (BMI), uterine weight, indication for hysterectomy, concomitant bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), presence of endometriosis, surgical ablation of the endocervix, adenomyosis, presence of endocervix in the specimen, and postoperative bleeding.

Results:

The study included 256 patients, of whom 187 had no postoperative bleeding after the operation, 40 had bleeding within 12 weeks, and 29 had bleeding after 12 weeks. The 3 groups were comparable in BMI, postmenopausal status, uterine weight, indication for hysterectomy, BSO, surgical ablation of the endocervix, adenomyosis, and the presence of endocervix. However, patients who had postoperative bleeding at more than 12 weeks were significantly younger (P = .002) and had a higher rate of endometriosis (P < .001).

Conclusions:

Risks factors for postoperative bleeding from the cervical stump include a younger age at the time of hysterectomy and the presence of endometriosis. Therefore, younger patients and those with endometriosis who desire to have no further vaginal bleeding may benefit from total hysterectomy over supracervical hysterectomy. All patients who are undergoing supracervical hysterectomy should be counseled about the possible alternatives, benefits, and risks, including continued vaginal bleeding from the cervical stump and the possibility of requiring future treatment and procedures.     

超声引导置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓

目的探讨超声引导置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床应用价值。方法收集55例下肢DVT患者,分为置管溶栓组(n=35)和对照组(n=20)。治疗前对所有患者均行超声检查以了解DVT情况。置管溶栓组:下腔静脉滤器置入术后,在超声引导下行患肢静脉置管,用微量泵持续向导管内给予尿激酶和肝素;对照组经静脉注射溶栓尿激酶和肝素进行全身治疗。治疗后所有患者均复查超声,观察疗效并进行比较。结果置管溶栓组所有患者置管成功,其中26例治愈,6例有效,3例无效,总有效率为91.43%(32/35)。对照组5例治愈,8例有效,7例无效,总有效率为65.00%(13/20)。两组疗效差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.99,P0.05)。结论超声引导置管溶栓治疗下肢DVT特异性高、见效快、疗程短,是治疗下肢DVT的有效方法。     

纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体双动态曲线变化在下肢骨折深静脉血栓预防中的价值

目的探讨纤维蛋白原（FIB）及D-二聚体（DD）双动态曲线变化在下肢骨折深静脉血栓（DVT）预防中的临床意义。方法自2007-06—2012-07,共诊治下肢骨折356例,入院后连续3 d每天检测FIB、DD,以后每2 d检测1次,取得FBI与DD双动态变化曲线。根据入院3 d后所测得的曲线变化将患者分为4组,A组（95例）为FIB、DD同时升高者,B组（93例）为FIB降低、DD升高者,C组（86例）为FIB升高、DD降低者,D组（82例）为FIB、DD同时降低者。结果A组8例出现DVT（8.42%）,B组5例出现DVT（5.38%）,C组1例出现DVT（1.16%）,D组未出现DVT。结论观察FIB及DD双动态曲线变化有利于早期预防、发现血栓,指导抗凝治疗,在下肢骨折DVT预防中有着重要的临床意义。     

鞘内注射阿片复合纳洛酮对切口痛大鼠痛行为学及血浆胃动素的影响

目的观察鞘内注射吗啡、芬太尼复合小剂量纳洛酮对切口痛大鼠痛行为学及血浆胃动素(MTL)的影响。方法取鞘内置管成功的健康雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为6组(n=12):生理盐水(NS)组,切口痛(P)组,吗啡(5μg/kg)+芬太尼(0.25μg/kg)组(MFP组),吗啡+芬太尼+纳洛酮1(0.2 ng/kg)、2(1 ng/kg)、3(5 ng/kg)组(MFPN1、2、3组)。后5组行足跖肌切口。各组取其中6只于鞘内置管前24 h(T0)、造模前24 h(T1)、术后1 h(T2)、3 h(T3)、6 h(T4)、24 h(T5)、48 h(T6)、72 h(T7)检测机械缩足阈值(PWMT)与热缩足反射潜伏期(PWTL),剩余6只于术后6h即刻断头处死,取血浆以ELISA法检测MTL浓度。结果 MFPN2组与NS组各时点PWMT差异无统计学意义,而与NS组相比,T2、T5时点PWTL上调(P<0.05),其余各时点差异无统计学意义。P组、MFPN3组与NS组比较,T2、T3、T4时点PWMT、PWTL显著下调(P<0.05)。而MFPN3组与P组比较,T6时点PWMT及T3、T4时点PWTL下调更为显著(P<0.05)。P、MFP、MFPN1、MFPN3组与NS组比较,术后6 h MTL表达下调(P<0.05)。而MFPN2与NS组MTL表达差异无统计学意义。结论鞘内注射1 ng/kg纳洛酮抑制了吗啡+芬太尼对切口痛大鼠血浆MTL表达的影响,并能上调大鼠热辐射痛阈值,增强了阿片类药物的镇痛效果。     

Evaluation of the toxicity of food additive silica nanoparticles on gastrointestinal cells

Silica nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in food products as an additive; however, their toxicity and safety to the human body and the environment still remain unclear. As a food additive, silica NPs firstly enter the human gastrointestinal tract along with food, thus their gastrointestinal toxicity deserves thorough study. Herein, we evaluated the toxicity of food additive silica NPs to cells originating from the gastrointestinal tract. Four silica NP samples were introduced to human gastric epithelial cell GES‐1 and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell Caco‐2 to investigate the effect of silica sample, exposure dose and exposure period on the morphology, viability and membrane integrity of cells. The cell uptake, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined to reveal the toxicity mechanism. The results indicate that all four silica NPs are safe for both GES‐1 and Caco‐2 cells after 24‐h exposure at a concentration lower than 100 µg ml^–1. At a higher concentration and longer exposure period, silica NPs do not induce the apoptosis/necrosis of cells, but arrest cell cycle and inhibit the cell growth. Notably, silica NPs do not pass through the Caco‐2 cell monolayer after 4‐h contact, indicating the low potential of silica NPs to cross the gastrointestinal tract in vivo. Our findings indicate that silica NPs could be used as a safe food additive, but more investigations, such as long‐term in vivo exposure, are necessary in future studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超选择性动脉栓塞治疗下消化道出血的临床研究

目的：评价超选择性动脉栓塞治疗下消化道出血的有效性及安全性。方法于2010-08-2013-08对18例下消化道出血的患者行超选择性动脉栓塞治疗,介入栓塞材料包括微弹簧圈、聚醋酸乙烯（ PVA）颗粒和明胶海绵碎粒。术后观察有无血便,每日进行便常规以及大便隐血试验检查,动态监测血红蛋白变化。所有患者共行选择性动脉造影29次,超选择性动脉栓塞18次。结果超选择性动脉栓塞中,单纯弹簧圈栓塞15例,联用弹簧圈和明胶海绵碎粒3例,均未再复发出血,无肠坏死等并发症。结论超选择性动脉栓塞治疗下消化道出血是安全、有效的,但应注意栓塞材料的选择和栓塞范围。     

泮托拉唑联合生长抑素治疗不明原因消化道出血的疗效

目的观察单用泮托拉唑（PPI）及联用生长抑素治疗不明原因消化道出血的疗效。方法将92例不明原因消化道出血患者,均分为单用PPI组和联合用药组。PPI组予泮托拉唑40mg加0.9%Na Cl溶液100ml静滴,2次/d;联合组在使用PPI基础上加用生长抑素250μg首剂缓慢静推,然后3mg加36ml 0.9%Na Cl溶液微泵静脉持续泵入,250μg/h。两组均观察48h。观察期间所有患者均不使用其他止血药物。分别对两组患者治疗24h及48h后止血率进行比较,同时对比72h内仍有间断或持续性出血,进一步行介入或手术治疗的患者例数。结果联合组24h及48h止血率分别为89.1%和95.7%,单药组24h及48h止血率分别为71.7%和82.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。单药组最终需要接受急诊介入及手术例数比例为17.4%,联合组最终需要接受急诊介入及手术例数比例为4.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论使用PPI联合生长抑素与单独用PPI相比,在治疗不明原因消化道出血中更有效。     

去氧孕烯炔雌醇片治疗无排卵型功能性子宫出血62例

目的：观察去氧孕烯炔雌醇片治疗无排卵性功能失调型子宫出血患者的疗效及对血清激素的影响。方法随机将妇科收治的124例子宫内膜单纯型增生患者分为观察组与对照组,各62例,分别给予去氧孕烯炔雌醇片与甲羟孕酮片进行治疗。统计两组患者的临床疗效,观察月经周期、天数、血红蛋白以及子宫内膜厚度的变化,检测血清激素水平,记录不良反应的发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组总有效率为98.39%,明显高于对照组的91.94%（ P〈0.05）。观察组患者的月经周期、天数、血红蛋白水平以及子宫内膜厚度等方面的改善均明显优于对照组（ P〈0.05）。两组不良反应发生率无统计学差异（ P＞0.05）。结论去氧孕烯炔雌醇片在治疗无排卵型子宫功能性出血方面效果理想,能显著降低血清激素水平,不良反应少,安全性高,值得临床推广。