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31.
杨群 《中国实用美容整形外科杂志》1996,(6)
眼袋整形术的并发症主要包括下睑外翻、下睑睫毛外翻、睑球分离、泪小点外翻、眼鼻沟畸形及眶下睑沟凹陷畸形等。皮肤眼轮匝肌及眶隔脂肪切除过多是造成上述并发症的主要原因,另外,手术中失误或操作粗糙也可造成诸如复视、泪小管撕裂甚至球后血肿等严重并发症。防止下睑外翻的发生,主要在于如何测定松弛皮肤的方法,这要把眼球活动、面部肌肉活动以及重力对面部的影响等诸因素进行综合考虑,正确估算出皮肤的切除量,才能有效防止睑外翻的发生。对于轻度外翻可采用热敷、按摩等保守治疗,对于重度睑外翻据不同情况分别采用,眼轮匝肌提紧术,睑板部分切除、结膜囊缩小术及下睑皮肤移植术加以矫正。对于眶下区凹陷及眼鼻沟畸形,术中就应注意避免,特别是要控制好眶脂的切除量,一旦发生可采用脂肪或筋膜脂肪充填,也可行眼轮匝肌提紧加以矫正。总之,在眼袋整形术中避免去除过多的组织,无论是皮肤,还是眶隔脂肪,都可有效防止并发症的发生。 相似文献
32.
G. Merlino M. Calcagni F. Bergamin D. Martin G. Magliacani J. Baudet 《European journal of plastic surgery》1997,20(3):145-149
Reconstruction of skin defects of the distal third of the leg and foot is often a difficult task. Shape, resistance to shearing stresses in the weight-bearing surface and sensibility are the main features that have to be restored. For coverage of this region, the authors have used, in selected patients, the lateral arm flap (LAF) since 1994. This flap is thin, easy to dissect and has the possibility to be innervated through the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm. Fourteen cases are presented. The drawbacks of this flap are the loss of sensibility in the forearm (partially transient) and the scar on the arm, which can be rather unsightly in young ladies and when big flaps are harvested skin graft is needed. 相似文献
33.
目的:探索下肢深静脉血栓形成的发病原因。方法:回顾1994年1月至2003年1月10年来所收集病人资料83例。结果:48例(占58%)病人病因明确,35例(占42%)病因不明。结论:血液高凝状态、下肢静脉血流缓慢、静脉内膜损伤三个因素综合作用造成了下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生。术后早期下床活动、抗血小板聚集可预防下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生。 相似文献
34.
目的:通过对髂外动静脉及股动静脉与髋臼解剖学与临床的研究,探讨在全髋臼置换术中拉钩在髋放置位置对下肢深静脉血栓的影响。方法:通过解剖学研究56具成年骨盆标本中髂外动静脉及股动静脉来源及走行、与髋臼的关系进行测量分析;并通过临床观察22例(股骨颈骨折12例、股骨头缺血性坏死6例、类风湿性关节炎4例)在人工全髋置换术(THR)中拉钩放置安全区,经下肢静脉超声多普勒检查观察下肢深静脉血栓发病率。结果:在左侧3-5点间、右侧7-9点、左侧9点、右侧3点使用拉钩用力要适度,牵拉时间过长,会造成臀下血管、股动脉的牵拉过度或时间过长,易引起下肢深静脉血栓;通过临床22例THR拉钩放置安全区的观察,无一例下肢深静脉血栓,仅有2例轻度深静脉血流缓慢、但无明显的症状体征,经过口服活血通络中药后消失。结论:通过解剖学与临床观察研究,确定在THR中拉钩放置位置、深度是避免下肢深静脉血栓的重要因素。 相似文献
35.
E. Mahe 《Aesthetic plastic surgery》1998,22(1):1-8
The transconjunctival blepharoplasty is an elegant and secure technique especially in young people and helps to avoid the
hazard of a scar. In older patients, it saves them the possible sequelae such as rounding sclero show or possible ectropion
after a classical operation. Because there is no visible scar, the transconjunctival approach respects the integrity of the
functional structure of the orbital septum and the orbicular muscle, the active support of the lower eyelid. 相似文献
36.
下体负压晕厥前症状下事件相关电位变化特征 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
目的探讨下体负压晕厥前症状(PSS)下事件相关电位(ERPs)的P3潜时(P3L)变化特征,为飞行员加速度性晕厥的医学鉴定提供实验方法和依据。方法用下体负压方法(LBNP)诱发PSS,观察ERPs的P3L变化特征。结果出现PSS时,ERPs的P3L由343.35±14.72ms延长至506.87±37.44ms(F(6,48)=14.96,P<0.05,OZ电极),相关任务反应时(RT)由508.65±11.13ms延长至631.25±29.16ms(t=2.97,P<0.05),靶刺激反应错误率由(4.00±1.67)%增加至(43.38±3.54)%(t=3.06,P<0.05)。PSS后第5min,P3L仍明显高于基线值(P<0.05)。而RT、错误率与基线值已无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论ERPs的P3L结合RT、错误率等指标对飞行员加速度性晕厥的研究有潜在应用价值。 相似文献
37.
T. Sakumoto M. Tohyama K. Satoh Y. Kimoto T. Kinugasa O. Tanizawa K. Kurachi N. Shimizu 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1978,31(1):81-94
Summary Attempts were made to determine the afferent projections to the anterior hypothalamus including the preoptic area from the lower brain stem by means of the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining to identify noradrenaline (NA) neurons. In addition to this technique, a histofluorescence analysis was performed. NA fibers in the medial part of the anterior hypothalamus were mainly supplied by A1 and A2 NA neuron groups, while the lateral part and periventricular zone received NA terminals from both pontine and medulla oblongata NA neuron groups. Furthermore, the present study indicated that there were direct projections to the anterior hypothalamus from non-noradrenergic neurons in the lower brain stem: nuclei raphe dorsalis, centralis superior, cells in the mesencephalic and pontine central gray matter, nuclei parabrachialis lateralis and medialis, cells around fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.Abbreviations CA
Commissura anterior
- CO
Chiasma opticum
- DP
Decussatio pyramidum
- DPCS
Decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum
- F
Columna fornicis
- FLM
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
- FMT
Fasciculus mamillothalamicus
- GCM
Griseum centrale mesencephali
- GCP
Griseum centrale pontis
- LL
Lemniscus lateralis
- LM
Lemniscus medialis
- PCM
Pedunculus cerebellaris medius
- PCS
Pedunculus cerebellaris superior
- TO
Tractus opticus
- TS
Tractus solitarius
- TVme
Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- V
Ventriculus tertius
- VTS
Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- am
nucleus ambiguus
- B
Barrington nucleus
- com
nucleus commissuralis
- cp
nucleus caudatus putamen
- cs
nucleus centralis superior
- ct
nucleus corporis trapezoidei
- cu
nucleus cuneatus
- dX
nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi
- Gd
nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (von Gudden)
- gr
nucleus gracilis
- Gv
nucleus tegmentalis ventralis (von Gudden)
- ha
nucleus hypothalamicus anterior
- hl
nucleus hypothalamicus lateralis
- hpe
nucleus periventricularis (hypothalami)
- hvm
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
- lc
nucleus locus coeruleus
- oi
nucleus olivaris inferior
- p
nucleus pontis
- pa
nucleus paraventricularis
- pbl
nucleus parabrachialis lateralis
- pbm
nucleus parabrachialis medialis
- ph
nucleus praepositus hypoglossi
- pol
nucleus preopticus lateralis
- pom
nucleus preopticus medialis
- pop
nucleus preopticus periventricularis
- rd
nucleus raphe dorsalis
- re
nucleus reuniens
- rl
nucleus reticularis lateralis
- rm
nucleus raphe magnus
- ro
nucleus raphe obscrus
- sc
nucleus suprachiasmaticus
- so
nucleus supraopticus
- st
nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis
- td
nucleus tractus diagonalis (Broca)
- ts
nucleus tractus solitarii
- Vme
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- Vmo
nucleus motorius nervi trigemini
- Vts
nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- XII
nucleus nervi hypoglossi 相似文献
38.
Yewande E. Odeyemi ODene Lewis Julius Ngwa Kristen Dodd Richard F. Gillum Alem Mehari 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2019,111(1):94-100
Purpose
There is presently an ongoing debate on the relative merits of suggested criteria for spirometric airway obstruction. This study tests the null hypothesis that no superiority exists with the use of fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 versus less than lower limit predicted (LLN) criteria with or without FEV1 <80% predicted in regards to future mortality.Methods
In 1988–1994 the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) measured FEV1 and FVC with mortality follow-up data through December 31, 2011. For this survival analysis 7472 persons aged 40 and over with complete data formed the analytic sample.Results
There were a total of 3554 deaths. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression revealed an increased hazard ratio in persons with both fixed ratio and lower limit of normal with a low FEV1 (1.79, p < 0.0001), in those with fixed ratio only with a low FEV1 (1.77, p < 0.0001), in those with abnormal fixed ratio only with a normal FEV1 (1.28, p < 0.0001) compared with persons with no airflow obstruction (reference group). These remained significant after adjusting for demographic variables and other confounding variables.Conclusions
The addition of FEV1 < 80% of predicted increased the prognostic power of the fixed ratio <0.7 and/or below the lower limit of predicted criteria for airway obstruction. 相似文献39.
40.
Mariann Fodor Annie Slama Viviane Guillaume Catherine Videau Zsolt Csaba Charles Oliver Jacques Epelbaum 《Journal of chemical neuroanatomy》1997,12(3):175-182
Somatostatin binding sites have been localized and quantified in the sheep brain using 125I-Tyr0-DTrp8-somatostatin, by quantitative high resolution light microscopic autoradiography. Sections were analyzed by densitometry on radioautographic film, and subsequently on slides coated with photoemulsion. Specific somatostatin binding sites were concentrated in the medial habenula, superior colliculus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, inferior olive, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and cerebellum. In competition experiments, octreotide, a sst2/sst3/sst5 selective agonist only partially displaced 125I-Tyr0-DTrp8-somatostatin in the three cerebellar layers while it was fully active as compared to somatostatin 14 and 28 in the deeper layers of the parietal cortex. Moderate to low somatostatin receptor densities were present in the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray, dorsal raphe, thalamic paraventricular nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, pineal gland, dorsal tegmental, dorsolateral tegmental and parabrachial nuclei, nucleus of the solitary tract. The distribution of somatostatin binding sites generally correlates with the data obtained on slides dipped in photoemulsion which provided better resolution and more precise localization. In most of the labeled areas, 125I-Tyr0-DTrp8-somatostatin receptor binding was distributed between both neuropil and perikarya. Perikarya bearing 125I-Tyr0-DTrp8-somatostatin receptors were observed in areas which did not display detectable binding sites on film such as the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic complex and arcuate nucleus and in the locus coeruleus. In conclusion, the distribution of 125I-Tyr0-DTrp8-somatostatin binding sites in sheep brain is very reminiscent of other mammals being closer to the human than to rodents. 相似文献