Lung Ultrasound for the Emergency Diagnosis of Pneumonia,Acute Heart Failure,and Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background

Lung ultrasound can accelerate the diagnosis of life-threatening diseases in adults with respiratory symptoms.

Difference in Survival in Early Kidney after Liver Transplantation Compared with Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation: Evaluating the Potential of the “Safety Net”

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Role of zinc supplementation in the management of chronic liver diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction and objectivesZinc deficiency has been associated with poor prognosis in chronic liver disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the role of zinc supplementation in the management of chronic liver diseases.Materials and methodsWe searched MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from inception to August 2018. We included randomized controlled trials evaluating adult patients with chronic liver disease of any etiology receiving zinc supplementation. Studies with other designs or evaluating chronic conditions other than liver disease were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data from eligible studies. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized studies.ResultsOf 1315 studies screened, 13 were included. Six assessed chronic hepatitis C treatment, with a relative risk of 0.83 indicating no protective effect of zinc supplementation on the improvement of sustained virological response. Three evaluated response to hepatic encephalopathy treatment, with a relative risk of 0.66 indicating a favorable effect of zinc supplementation on clinical improvement of this condition. Of four studies evaluating the management of cirrhosis, two analyzed the effect of zinc supplementation on serum albumin levels, with no statistical difference between zinc and placebo groups.ConclusionsClinical trials assessing zinc supplementation in liver diseases do not show benefits in terms of clinical improvement or disease halting. There are possible benefits of zinc supplementation on hepatic encephalopathy, however, this is based on limited evidence. This research question is still open for evaluation in larger, well-designed, clinical trials.     

他汀类药物对肝功能影响的研究

目的观察他汀类药物对肝功能的影响,探讨定期检测肝功能的必要性。方法选择2004年9月至2005年3月门诊就诊心血管病患者,了解其所用他汀类药物的种类和剂量,每月复查血脂水平和肝功能。结果所用他汀类药物有辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、洛伐他汀和阿托伐他汀,常用剂量为10～20mg/d,治疗后总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著降低,而肝酶在治疗前、后无显著变化,肝酶升高3倍以上者所占比例低。结论他汀类药物在低剂量应用时对肝脏损伤小,没有必要频繁监测肝功能。     

多巴胺或多巴胺复合去甲肾上腺素对肝移植术中患者血液动力学、氧代谢及肾功能的影响

目的评价原位肝脏移植术(OLT)中持续输注多巴胺或多巴胺复合去甲肾上腺素对血液动力学、组织氧代谢和肾功能的影响。方法拟行OLT的患者30例,ASAⅢ或Ⅳ级,随机分为2组 (n=15)。A组:术中持续输注多巴胺,初始输注速率为1-3μg·kg-1·min-1;B组:术中持续输注多巴胺复合去甲肾上腺素,初始输注速率分别为1-3μg·kg-1·min-1和0．03μg·kg-1·min-1,多巴胺输注速率不超过5μg·kg-1·min-1;术中两组均调节输注速率维持MAP 60-80 mm Hg。分别于切皮前即刻、切肝期1 h、无肝期1 h、新肝期1h和术毕测定血液动力学、组织代谢和肾功能指标。结果两组HR、 MAP均维持较平稳。无肝期两组CVP、MPAP、PAWP、CO、CI、DO2、VO2降低(P<0．05);SVR和SVRI升高(P<0．05),但均在正常范围内。术中PVR、PVRI、pH及SvO2均较平稳。乳酸浓度增高并持续到术毕。两组术中Cr和BUN均在正常范围,B组总尿量高于A组(P相似文献   

A case of acute heart failure associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome

Abstract Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a disease of the peripheral nervous system, which is caused by aberrant immune responses directed against some components of peripheral nerves. GBS is rarely accompanied by cardiovascular involvement. We describe a case of acute neuropathy complicated by sudden heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction which had a presumably neurogenic origin. Pathogenesis of acute heart failure is probably due to transitorial stunned myocardium and neurogenic cardiac injury. We show a rare case of transitorial and acute cardiac dysfunction by echocardiography and laboratory markers of heart failure.