光污染对环境与健康的影响

光污染是一类新的、尚不完全被人们所认识的环境污染。光污染无处不在,其存在形式多种多样,对生物及其环境的危害严重,对人类健康构成危害,常见的是眼睛和皮肤的伤害,其次是精神和神经系统,严重时可引起心脑血管疾病,交通安全隐患,危及生命。本文对光污染的成因、危害产生的机制和防治环境光污染的原则进行了探讨。     

Treatment of pediatric overweight: an examination of feasibility and effectiveness in an applied clinical setting

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness and feasibility of an evidence-based treatment for weight loss in children. METHODS: A total of 41 children who were overweight and their families were provided a modified version of the Traffic Light Diet (TLD) in an applied setting. Children who received treatment as usual (TAU) constituted a comparison sample. RESULTS: Children receiving the modified TLD demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in standardized body mass index (z-BMI) than children receiving TAU. CONCLUSIONS: The TLD is a feasible treatment that can be implemented in applied settings that include samples often excluded from treatment efficacy studies. Results are discussed in the context of bridging the gap between science and service.     

Aging, Graying and Loss of Melanocyte Stem Cells

Hair graying is one of the prototypical signs of human aging. Maintenance of hair pigmentation is dependent on the presence and functionality of melanocytes, neural crest derived cells which synthesize pigment for growing hair. The melanocytes, themselves, are maintained by a small number of stem cells which reside in the bulge region of the hair follicle. The recent characterization of the melanocyte lineage during aging has significantly accelerated our understanding of how age-related changes in the melanocyte stem cell compartment contribute to hair graying. This review will discuss our current understanding of hair graying, drawing on evidence from human and mouse studies, and consider the contribution of melanocyte stem cells to this process. Furthermore, using the melanocyte lineage as an example, it will discuss common theories of tissue and stem cell aging.     

Modulation of quantum dots and clearance of Helicobacter pylori with synergy of cell autophagy

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is one type of Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that colonizes and causes a wide range of gastric diseases. Once Hp penetrates into cells, the currently recognized triple or quadruple therapy often loses effectiveness. Recent evidence suggests that autophagy is closely associated with Hp infection, and can play an important role in the eradication of Hp. More importantly, certain types of quantum dots (QDs) can induce and modulate cellular autophagy, and can be developed into conjugates making QDs potential candidates as new anti-Hp agents.     

Unstained cell imaging: Morphological insights from coupled fixation and darkfield microscopy

Cell staining techniques are well established in cell biology and associated with a broad range of dedicated dyes; however, they are accompanied by non-negligible costs, preparation time and unavoidable alterations of the sample with foreign molecules. In this context, we point out and propose the use of darkfield microscopy (DM) combined with different fixation protocols (to be used anyway) to enhance the different cell structures and districts as a timesaving and inexpensive support to the techniques that need staining or immuno-staining protocols and products. In a first step, we have analysed the effect of different fixation protocols on DM images for various human cellular lines. The presented imaging study shows that cell morphology actually changes with the fixation protocols that enhance, through contrast and luminosity variations, different shapes and patterns and thus structures of the cells. The different chemical action of various fixations, in fact, modifies the local scattering coefficient, thus affecting in a different way the morphology shown by DM images. As a second step we have compared the observed DM morphologies to those of selective fluorescent staining being therefore able to associate them to specific cell districts (e.g. nucleus, membrane or cytoskeleton).The obtained results indicate that this common microscopy technique can give images with particular cellular structures or districts enhanced more than others depending on the choice of fixation protocol. Therefore Darkfield Microscopy can be considered as a simpler, cheaper and faster method to provide morphological indications, respect to staining techniques, even at low and medium magnifications     

轻比重腰硬联合麻醉对老年下肢骨科 手术患者应激反应的影响

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨轻比重腰硬联合麻醉对老年下肢骨科手术患者应激反应的影响。方法：选取福州市晋安区医院 2019 年 3 月至 2020 年 8 月期间收治的 98 例下肢骨科手术老年患者,随机均分为甲组（气管插管全身麻醉）和乙组（轻比 重蛛网膜下腔阻滞联合硬膜外麻醉）,各 49 例。观察两组患者在麻醉前（T0）、麻醉中（T1）、麻醉 30 min 后（T2）、 拔管后（T3）的血压和应激反应。结果：两组患者的收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）在 T1、T2 时均低于 T0 时,且两 组患者 SBP、DBP 在 T2 时均低于 T1 时,差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）,且甲组患者 SBP、DBP 在 T1、T2 时与 乙组比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;两组患者的促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇（Cor）及 β– 内啡肽 （β–EP）在 T1、T2 时均高于 T0 时,且两组患者 ACTH、Cor 及 β–EP 在 T2 时均低于 T1 时,差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 且甲组患者 ACTH、Cor 及 β–EP 在 T1、T2 时与乙组比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：老年下肢骨科手 术患者采用轻比重蛛网膜下腔联合硬膜外麻醉可显著减少患者术中应激反应,对患者循环影响较小,安全性较好。     

The safety and efficacy of light emitting diodes-based ultraviolet A1 phototherapy in bleomycin-induced scleroderma in mice

Purpose

To define the efficacy and safety of narrowband ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) for the treatment of dermal fibrosis in bleomycin-induced mouse model of scleroderma.

Increased leukocyte aggregation in patients with hypercholesterolaemia

Leukocyte aggregation induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) has been measured in a group of patients with hypercholesterolaemia (n = 22) and in a group of control subjects (n = 26), age- and sex-matched. When hypercholesterolaemic patients were divided into two groups, with a discriminatory level of 7.7 mmol/l of plasma cholesterol, FMLP-induced leukocyte aggregation of patients with greater than 7.7 mmol/l of plasma cholesterol was significantly higher compared both with control subjects and patients with plasma cholesterol levels less than 7.7 mmol/l. A positive significant correlation was found between leukocyte aggregation and plasma cholesterol, whereas no correlation was observed between leukocyte aggregation and plasma triglycerides or APO-B levels. These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that elevated plasma cholesterol levels may induce a cellular membrane abnormality responsible for the increased leukocyte aggregation and, subsequently, endothelial damage.     

Description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) punctati n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from Channa punctatus in Bareilly,Uttar Pradesh,India

Background:

The genus Pallisentis is an endoparasitic acanthocephalan inhabiting the intestinal walls. Hooks and spines of the worm are significant taxonomical and adaptive tools.

Methods:

The parasites were fixed, dehydrated and examined under Olympus BX 53 Microscope with DIC attachment, digital camera and CELLSENS imaging system [Light microscopy (LM)] and fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, dehydrated, rotary-coated with gold palladium in NeoCoater 100–240V and examined in Neo JCM-6000 [scanning electron microscopy (SEM)].

Results:

P. punctati n. sp. (prevalence 65.51%; mean intensity 3–6 par/host) is described. Females almost twice as large as males; proboscis hooks small; collar spine rows similar [16] and constant in both sexes but number of spines per row greater in females [22] than males [14]; trunk spine rows 28–39 (spines per row 14–18) in females and 20–26 (spines per row 10–12) in males. spine length of females almost twice as long as males, spines extend up to posterior testis in males and ¾ of total body length in females, Saefftigen’s pouch present, nuclei in cement gland 10–11, seminal vesicle, bursa and egg size small. SEM indicated lack of micro sculptures, and spines embedded on pre-trunk and trunk. Sex-based differences apparent (hook sizes, greater number of spines per row and longer spines in pre-trunk and trunk of females). Male trunk spine was narrower and of lateral spine with characteristic hooked appearance.

Conclusion:

A new species of Pallisentis based on LM and SEM is described, sexual diversity in hook and spine structure is reported.     

Hotspot on myopia： outdoor activities， light and dopamine

Myopia is the most prevalent refractive error. In recent years, the age of myopia onset is becoming earlier and earlier, and the prevalence is increasing year by year. China is among regions of most myopic occurrence across the world, reulting into higher need of visional correction. The worse is complications and risks to blindness brought by myopia. According to a few investigations, myopia is the first factor against lower vision and second factor against blindness. However, the mechanism underlying myopia pathology is still yet to know. Recent epidemiologic studies revealed that increased outdoor activities reduced myopia occurrence. Insights into the mechanism underlying outdoor activites inhibiting myopia will facilitate way to prevent and/or cure myopia.