复肝汤治疗25例抗痨药物引起的肝脏损害疗效观察

目的观察复肝汤治疗抗痨药物引起的肝损害的疗效。方法将49例抗痨药物引起的肝损害患者随机分为治疗组25例和对照组24例。治疗组用复肝汤治疗:对照组口服肝泰乐,静脉点滴维生素 C、维生素 B_6,肌苷注射液。结果观察治疗前后临床症状改善和肝功能恢复情况,治疗组有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复肝汤治疗抗痨药物引起的肝损害效果较好。     

Effects of excitatory amino acid lesions upon neurokinin B and acetylcholine neurons in the nucleus basalis of the rat

The nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) contains cholinergic neurons that project to the neocortex and is densely innervated by excitatory amino acid-containing terminals. A dysfunction in the balance of excitatory inputs or an alteration in the sensitivity of NBM cells to glutamate may underlie the selective vulnerability to aging. Some large NBM neurons contain neurokinin B (NKB) mRNA. The present study investigated whether α-2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) orN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) differentially destroy NKB-containing, NKB-receptive, or cholinergic NBM cells, and whether this vulnerability is altered by aging. Injections of AMPA or NMDA significantly decreased neocortical ChAT activity, as compared to control levels, across all three age groups, with no interaction between lesion and age group. The results of in situ hybridization histochemistry and NKB receptor studies suggest that NKB-containing neurons in the NBM, and the neurons they innervate, are not vulnerable to NMDA or AMPA in either young or old rats. While NKB mRNA-positive cells were diffusely distributed throughout the basal forebrain, only a small proportion of the large NBM cells contained NKB mRNA. The results suggest that NKB does not extensively colocalize with acetylcholine within the basal forebrain of rats and that NBM NKB neurons do not directly innervate cholinergic cells.     

输尿管病变与结石并存的诊治探讨

本文报告51例输尿管病变与结石并存病例,通过对X线影象、B超检查、手术所见及病理学的资料研究,发现先天性病变以瓣膜多见,炎症性以肉芽肿多见,增殖性以息肉多见。对输尿管病变和结石的关系、诊断及鉴别诊断作讨论,认为采用充分切除病变段加整形吻合术效果最佳,输尿管镜的应用对处理此类疾病有优势。     

The neural substrate of the startle response

Fifteen rats were exposed to various intensities of startle-eliciting auditory stimulation and footshock, and measures of response probability and amplitude were obtained. Subjects then received (1) lesions directed at the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (RGI), (2) lesions directed at the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (RPC) or (3) no lesions. After surgery, all subjects were tested for the same measures of startle responsiveness as had been collected in the pre-operative series. In addition, sensitivity to heat-induced pain and running wheel activity were also evaluated. Subjects with lesions of RPC showed a significant decrease in both the probability and amplitude of response to footshock as well as to acoustic signals. Subjects in the other two groups did not show significant decreases in responsiveness. No difference in pain sensitivity was found between groups. Subjects with lesions of RPC, however, were more (rather than less) active than the unoperated subjects. These data support the hypothesis that the mammalian startle response is elaborated through the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis.     

动脉粥样斑块面积的自动测量及其与传统方法的比较

本文介绍了一种采用SZ—01图象处理系统、编制专用处理程序来自动测量动脉粥样斑块面积的方法。与传统方法相比,这种方法具有快速、准确等优点。对5只兔主动脉内壁图象的测量结果表明,误差小、精度高,尤其是测量那些传统方法难以测量的砂粒样病变。它还可提供区段病变面积百分比和经处理后的图象硬拷贝。     

Divergent effects of deep cerebellar lesions on two different conditioned somatomotor responses in rabbits

Rabbits with bilateral lesions involving either the anterior interpositus nucleus or the superior cerebellar peduncle were subjected to appetitive Pavlovian conditioning training involving repeated pairings of a 2-s tone with an intraoral pulse of water. Such training resulted in the rapid development of robust, anticipatory jaw-movement responses (JM CRs) to the tone, and, in fact, the performance levels exhibited by lesioned animals did not differ significantly from those observed in sham-operated control animals. Additional experiments involving unpaired tone/water presentations confirmed the associative character of the JM CRs. On the other hand, lesioned animals exhibited severe bilateral performance deficits when later subjected to aversive eyeblink conditioning procedures, consistent with previous findings. The present results thus suggest that the interpositus nucleus is not an essential neural substrate for the development of appetitively conditioned masticatory responses.     

CT仿真结肠镜在检查结肠病变中的应用

目的 :探讨 CT仿真结肠镜 (CTVC)诊断结肠疾病的价值。材料和方法 :用螺旋 CT对 4 2例怀疑有结肠疾病的患者进行 CTVC检查 ,并结合多层面重建 (MPR)图像 ,与纤维结肠镜或手术病理结果进行对照研究。结果 :CTVC及 MPR能显示较大病灶 ,诊断率高 ,但对小病灶 ,特别是对小于 5 mm的病灶敏感性较差。结论 :CTVC是一种非侵入性的诊断方法 ,并结合 MPR图像 ,对诊断结肠疾病有一定价值     

Clinical comparison of 99mTc-HMDP and 99mTc-MDP

^99mTc-Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) was compared to ^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) with respect to image quality, lesion detectability, and the uptake ratios of normal bone to soft tissue (B/S), metastatic bone to soft tissue (M/S) and bone metastases to normal bone (M/B) at 2 and 3 h after injection in the same subjects. Thirty-three patients with bone metastases were examined in six nuclear-medicine departments, with each center using its usual bone-scanning protocol which was identical for both compounds in the same patient. The uptake of ^99mTc-HMDP in normal bone (B/S) was significantly higher than that of MDP at 2 and 3 h, but there were no significant differences between the two compounds with regard to the M/S or M/B or M/B ratios. The M/B of HMDP at 2 h was not significantly different from that of MDP at 3 h, the latter showing a significantly higher B/S and M/S ratio. All lesions were detected with both compounds, even at 2 h. The image quality was rated as follows (in decreasing order): HMDP (3 h), MDP (3 h), HMDP (2 h), and MDP (2 h). HMDP was shown to be a useful bone-imaging agent, especially when shorter intervals between injection and recording are required.     

Pathomorphology of experimental head injury due to rotational acceleration

Summary We have shown that pure non-deforming rotational acceleration to the head is capable of producing lesions not only in the brain but through the entire length of the spinal cord, extending to the cauda equina.In clinical circumstances in which humans are subjected to severe rotational acceleration of the head, the spinal cord, as well as the brain should be examined pathologically.Supported in part by Contract DA-49-193-MD-2610 with the U.S.Army Medical Research and Development Command, Washington, D.C., NB 07377-01, with USPHS-Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare and Mary K. Petersen Foundation.     

Failure of rats deprived of water to increase food intake during glucoprivation induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose

Thirsty rats denied access to water did not significantly increase their food intake following the glucoprivic stimulus provided by 750 mg/kg 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). In a second study, subjects were made hypodipsic through adulteration of their water supply with 0.2% w/v quinine hydrochloride; and they too displayed glucoprivic feeding deficits at 250 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg dosages. A reduced ability to ingest fluids therefore can inhibit 2-DG-induced eating when rats are examined after experience with water restriction schedules. These data consequently suggest that caution may be necessary in interpreting post-lesion disruptions of 2-DG glucoprivic feeding when severe water intake deficits are also observed.