腹腔镜与开腹肝门部胆管癌根治术的对比研究

目的:对比腹腔镜肝门部胆管癌根治术与开腹肝门部胆管癌根治术的临床疗效,探讨腹腔镜肝门部胆管癌根治术的安全性及可行性。方法:回顾分析2011年3月至2013年10月收治的19例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料,术前根据患者及家属的要求,14例行四孔法腹腔镜肝门部胆管癌根治术(A组),5例行开腹肝门部胆管癌根治术(B组),对比分析两组患者术中及术后情况。结果:患者均完成相应术式。A组中12例于腹腔镜下使用吻合器完成肠间吻合;2例先扩大右上腹小切口于腹外完成肠间吻合后还纳腹腔,重新建立气腹完成胆肠吻合;1例Ⅳ型患者未达到完全根治。A组手术时间长于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后镇痛时间、住院时间短于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术中出血量、术中淋巴结清扫数量、术后进食时间、术后并发症及住院总费用两组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访5~30个月,平均(17.6±0.8)个月,无一例死亡。结论:腹腔镜肝门部胆管癌根治术由腹腔镜技术熟练及手术经验丰富的手术团队开展是安全、可行的,具有患者创伤小、痛苦少、康复快、并发症少、美容效果好等优点。     

Neonatal Gastric Perforations: Are They Really Spontaneous?

Case Report

We report a case of 4-day-old male infant who developed rapid abdominal distension with progression to shock. Abdominal radiography showed free gas under diaphragm for which emergency laparotomy was done revealing a perforation in the greater curvature of the stomach that was sutured after excising surrounding ischemic stomach wall.     

宫腔镜下电切术与开腹手术治疗子宫黏膜下肌瘤的疗效对比

目的探讨宫腔镜下电切术治疗子宫黏膜下肌瘤的临床疗效。方法将2011年10月～2012年10月期间我院收治的165例子宫黏膜下肌瘤患者根据手术方法的不同分为观察组（120例）和对照组（45例）,观察组采用官腔镜下电切术治疗,对照组采用开腹手术治疗。结果观察组手术时间、术后排气时间、术后下床活动时间及住院时间均较之对照组短,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,且观察组术中出血量较之对照组少,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但两组临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论宫腔镜下电切术与传统开腹手术治疗子宫黏膜下肌瘤均能获得较好疗效,但宫腔镜手术更具优势,安全可靠,值得临床推广。     

循证护理对开腹结肠癌根治术患者术前心理的影响

目的：探讨循证护理对开腹结肠癌根治术患者术前的心理影响。方法选择患者80例,分为两组,各40例,观察组实施本研究循证护理干预方法,对照组则实施常规护理,如一般护理、普通心理护理,健康教育等,比较两组患者护理干预后恐惧情绪、抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表得分以及,术前晚20点时的生命体征。结果观察组术前无恐惧比例高于对照组（P＜0.05）,中度以上恐惧比例低于对照组（P＜0.05）,抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表得分低于对照组（P＜0.05）,收缩压、舒张压低于对照组（P＜0.05）,心率慢于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论循证护理心理干预对于减少结肠癌开腹治疗患者术前紧张焦虑及恐惧心理具有积极意义,更好的保证患者术前生命体征平稳。     

腹腔镜与开腹子宫肌瘤切除术后早期临床效果的比较

目的比较腹腔镜和开腹子宫肌瘤切除术在术后第1周的临床效果。方法将2008年1月2009年12月收治的34例子宫肌瘤患者随机分为腹腔镜组17例,开腹组17例。所有患者均为肌壁间肌瘤或浆膜下肌瘤,肌瘤直径在5～15cm之间且数目≤3个。结果两组患者手术时间相近;腹腔镜组术后体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、排尿时间均短于开腹组（P〈0.05）;腹腔镜组、开腹组术后血红蛋白下降更为明显（P〈0.05）;术后7d,开腹组腹痛视觉模拟评分明显高于腹腔镜组（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术具有创伤小、恢复快、疼痛轻等优点,是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

腹腔镜辅助与开腹子宫肌瘤切除术的临床研究

目的 比较腹腔镜辅助和开腹子宫肌瘤切除术的临床效果.方法 回顾分析2007年1月～2010年1月笔者所在医院经腹腔镜辅助及开腹行子宫肌瘤切除术的患者临床资料.结果 腹腔镜辅助组术后使用止痛剂率、住院时间、肛门排气时间、体温恢复正常时间、生活恢复自理时间均明显短于开腹组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后2年内复发率大致相同,无显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结论 腹腔镜辅助子宫肌瘤切除术具有创伤小、术后康复快、疼痛轻等优点,安全有效.     

The role of staging laparoscopy in oesophagogastric cancers.

AIMS: Selection of patients for treatment of oesophagogastric cancers rests on accurate staging. Laparoscopy has become a safe and effective staging tool in upper gastrointestinal cancers because of its ability to detect small peritoneal and liver metastases missed by imaging techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of staging laparoscopy (SL) in determining resectability of oesophagogastric cancers. METHODS: A review of 511 patients with oesophagogastric cancers referred to our centre during a 7-year period was performed. Four hundred and sixteen of them assessed to have resectable tumours after preoperative staging with CT and/or ultrasound underwent SL. The main outcome measure was the number of patients in whom laparoscopy changed treatment decision. RESULTS: Staging laparoscopy changed treatment decision in 84 cases (20.2%): locally advanced disease in 17, extensive lymph node disease in four and distant metastases (liver and peritoneum) in 63 cases. The sensitivity of laparoscopy for resectability was 88%. Eighty-one percent of patients who had combined CT scan and EUS were resectable at surgery compared with 65% of those who had CT scan alone (statistically significant with P-value<0.05). Of those patients deemed resectable by SL 8.1% were found to be unresectable at laparotomy, 16 with locally advanced disease and 11 with metastases. CONCLUSION: Staging laparoscopy avoided unnecessary laparotomy in 20.2% of our patients and was most useful in adenocarcinoma, distal oesophageal, GOJ and gastric cancers and probably not necessary in lesions of the upper two-third of the oesophagus.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗良性卵巢囊肿的疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢囊肿的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2007年1月至2008年1月在我院分别接受腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗卵巢囊肿的患者各32例。结果:腹腔镜组切口明显小于开腹组,术中出血量、手术时间明显少于开腹组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001);腹腔镜组患者术后镇痛药物使用人数明显少于开腹组(P<0.001),术后肠蠕动恢复时间、住院天数明显短于开腹组(P<0.001),术后工作恢复时间、术后病率明显优于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿手术安全有效,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短及术后病率低等特点。     

Post-operative chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma: a prospective study with cyclophosphamide

Seventy consecutive patients with carcinoma of the ovary were managed in our unit by laparotomy and extensive debulking procedures over a period of 8 years. Intensive post-operative chemotherapy was given with intravenous cyclophosphamide. The mean follow-up period was 2.6 years. Our results showed that 19 patients with early disease (stages I and II) showed complete remission but seven subsequently died of recurrent disease. The others with more advanced disease showed little response to treatment.     

腹腔镜在妇科急腹症中的应用价值

目的探讨腹腔镜技术在妇科急腹症手术治疗中的应用价值。方法分析262例妇科急腹症病人的临床资料,其中168例行腹腔镜手术,94例剖腹手术。结果两组患者年龄、体重、剖腹术史、急腹症病因、手术时间等方面无差异,而术中出血、术后病人对镇痛剂需求、肠道功能恢复、术后抗生素应用时间及术后住院天数有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论妇科急腹症选择腹腔镜手术优于传统剖腹术,腹腔镜手术是妇科急腹症诊断和治疗安全、可行的方法。休克型异位妊娠和盆腔脓肿不再是腹腔镜手术的禁忌症。