以肠梗阻为首发表现的成人IgA血管炎一例

IgA血管炎即过敏性紫癜,是一种主要累及皮肤、胃肠道、肾脏、关节等多系统的自身免疫性疾病,儿童和青少年多见,成人累及胃肠道相对少见。以肠梗阻为首发表现的成人IgA血管炎且累及整个小肠发生炎性改变的报道较少。该例患者为50岁男性,首先表现为不完全性肠梗阻,一般治疗效果不佳,腹部CT提示由累及部分小肠逐渐发展为几乎整个小肠...     

168例心电图P波切迹的临床观察

目的 对P波切迹进行临床观察。方法 记录心电图168例，高血压组90例，高血压组中随机选择40例，按P波时限分两组；高血压A组（P波时限〈0．11s）及高血压B组（P波时限≥0．11s），分析高血压A组、B组心脏临床异常事件检出率及对高血压A组、B组及正常人（其中78例为健康对照组）P波时限、峰间距、PTFVl均值检验。结果 健康人对照组P波切迹阳性率为18％，而高血压组为52％，高血压A组心脏临床异常事件检出率为16％，高血压B组为73％，p〈0．01，均值检验说明PTFVl对宽时限P波切迹有一定参考价值。结论宽时限P波切迹提示心脏临床异常事件发生可能，按P波时限可分为Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°及Ⅲ°P波切迹，除左房大外，尚有不完全性左房内传导阻滞可能。     

单中心9年不完全川崎病回顾性分析

目的探讨不完全川崎病（KD）的临床特征,以提高临床诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2010年12月KD住院患儿的临床资料,比较不完全KD与典型KD在发病年龄、性别、临床表现、实验室检查、治疗及冠状动脉损害等方面的差异。结果 1484例KD患儿进入分析,其中不完全KD262例（17.6%）,典型KD1222例;〈1岁患儿中不完全KD占24.9%。不完全KD和典型KD患儿的平均发热时间分别为（7.8±5.0）和（6.7±3.6）d,差异有统计学意义。不完全KD四肢改变、多形皮疹、眼结膜充血、口唇改变、颈部淋巴结肿大和肛周改变的发生率显著高于典型KD;卡疤改变、扁桃体肿大、阴囊或外阴改变、呕吐和腹泻的发生率与典型KD差异无统计学意义。两组CRP、ESR、Hb、WBC、PLT、ALT、AST、CK-MB和LDH等实验室指标差异无统计学意义。不完全KD与典型KD患儿对IVIG无反应的发生率差异无统计学意义（14.1%vs17.5%）;不完全KD患儿冠状动脉扩张、冠状动脉瘤和巨大冠状动脉瘤的发生率分别为57.5%、14.1%和1.9%,典型KD患儿分别为31.5%、5.9%和0.6%,两组差异有统计学意义。结论不完全KD较典型KD发热时间长,且冠状动脉损害发生率高,但实验室指标差别不大。     

Description of sensory preservation in children and adolescents with incomplete spinal cord injury

Background/objective

This cross-sectional, multicenter cohort study describes patterns of preserved sensation in persons with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) B (sensory incomplete, or SI) and AIS C/D (motor incomplete, or MI).

Methods

A total of 93 subjects with incomplete spinal injuries (58 with tetraplegia and 35 with paraplegia) were included for analysis. Sensation was based on the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI).

Results

In the 44 subjects with AIS B (SI), some light touch (LT) was present in 35% of dermatomes below the neurological level and pin prick (PP) in 8%. In contrast, in the 49 subjects with AIS C/D (MI), LT was present in 77% of dermatomes and PP in 27%. AIS C/D (MI) subjects with tetraplegia had more dermatomes with preserved sensation than those with paraplegia. When reviewing areas at highest risk for pressure sores, only 4 of 22 (19%) of subjects with AIS B (SI)/tetraplegia had any preserved LT or PP sensation in the periscapular region (dermatomes T1–T6). In the buttocks region (S3 and S4–S5), sensation was preserved in fewer than 50% of patients with either tetraplegia or paraplegia.

Conclusions

(1) Sensory sparing below the neurologic injury was found to be surprisingly sparse in patients classified as AIS B (SI) (35% LT and 8% PP). Sparing was considerably better in patients who were AIS C/D (MI) (77% LT and 27% PP). (2) Preserved sensation in the periscapular region was very low in subjects with tetraplegia (19%) and was also low in the buttocks, with fewer than half of those classified as AIS B (SI) with either tetraplegia or paraplegia reporting sensation.     

Adapted focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to allow MRI exploration of multiple sclerosis features

We aimed to determine an optimal protocol for inducing a focal inflammatory lesion within the rat brain that could be large enough for an easier MRI monitoring while still relevant as a multiple sclerosis (MS) like lesion. We adapted a two-hit model based on pre-sensitization of the Lewis rat with myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) followed by stereotaxic injection of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα + IFNγ) within the internal capsule. We compared the following two strategies to increase focal lesion development for an easier MR translation: (1) a higher sensitization step (MOG50) or (2) a higher cytokine step with lower sensitization (MOG25). Control animals were administered only cytokines without MOG pre-sensitization. Animals were followed with T2, diffusion and T1 post gadolinium weighted images at 1, 3 and 7 days following cytokine injection. Immunostaining was performed at the same time points for macrophages (ED1), myelin (MBP and Luxol Fast Blue) and blood brain barrier integrity (IgG). At day 1, the focal lesions depicted with T2-weighted images were very similar among groups and related to vasogenic edema (high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), gadolinium enhancement and IgG extravasation) induced by cytokines irrespective of the pre-sensitization step. Then, at day 3, MOG50 rats developed statistically larger T2 lesions than MOG25 and control rats that were correlated with inflammatory cell accumulation. At day 7, MOG50 rats also showed larger T2 lesions than MOG25 and control rats, together with loss of anisotropy that were correlated with demyelination. In contrast, MOG25 and control rats developed similar MR lesions decreasing over time and almost undetectable at day 7. We conclude that with a high pre-sensitization step, the focal lesion can be monitored by MRI whose signal reflects some features of a MS-like lesion, i.e. edema, inflammatory cell accumulation and later demyelination.     

Breast cancer in lupus

The purpose was to evaluate the frequency of breast cancer (BC) in patients with either systemic (SLE) or incomplete lupus erythematosus (ILE), and possibly to find out immunological differences in patients with and without cancer. 133 consecutive female patients with lupus were included. The records were retrospectively analysed with respect to both malignant disease and routine laboratory parameters (e.g. autoantibodies, white blood cell counts). BC was the most common malignancy that was detected in 50% of female lupus patients with concomitant oncological disease. Other malignancies were significantly less (p < 0.001) frequent. Only ILE-patients had BC or other oncological diseases. The proportion of ILE-patients with SSA- and SSB-autoantibodies was significantly higher (p < 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ and 9.1 × 10⁻¹⁷) in those with malignancies than without. The presented data suggest that BC is the most common malignancy in patients with ILE. SLE is no prerequisite to acquire an oncological disease. Immunological disturbances (e.g. SSA- and SSB-autoantibodies) could play a role in the oncogensis.     

70例不完全川崎病临床分析

目的总结不完全川崎病（incomplete KD）的临床特征,以便早期诊治,减轻冠状动脉的病变程度,改善预后。方法回顾性分析2006年1月—2008年12月期间70例住院不完全KD患儿的临床资料：（1）总结不完全性KD的临床特征;（2）分析不完全KD出现冠状动脉病变（coronary artery lesion,CAL）的高危因素（3）总结静脉注射免疫球蛋白对不完全KD的疗效;（4）随访观察其中的患儿,比较IVIG400mg/kg、1g/kg和2g/kg治疗的远期疗效。结果 （1）70例不完全KD中结膜充血出现最早,其他临床症状发生出现较晚;（2）不完全KD发生冠状动脉病变,以冠状动脉扩张的发生率最高;（3）不完全KD发生冠状动脉病变与年龄、性别、血小板、CRP、ESR和接受IVIG的时间有密切关系（P〈0.05）。（4）IVIG400mg/kg较1g/kg和2g/kg治疗组的CAL发生率明显增高,具有统计学意义（P〉0.05）;1g/kg和2g/kg治疗组的CAL发生率差异不大,无统计学意义。结论 （1）不完全KD的临床表现不典型,指趾端脱皮可以作为不完全性KD的诊断依据之一,而超声心动图对不完全KD的早期诊断更为重要;（2）年龄、性别、血小板、CRP、ESR和接受IVIG的时间是不完全KD发生冠状动脉病变的高危因素,不完全KD发生冠状动脉病变以冠状动脉扩张最为常见;（3）IVIG1g/kg和2g/kg治疗不完全KD的疗效相似,较400mg/kg治疗KD的疗效佳。     

Functionally fused antibodies--a novel adjuvant fusion system

Antibodies capable of recognizing key molecular targets isolated e.g. by phage display technology have been used in the pursuit of new and improved therapies for prevalent human diseases. These approaches often take advantage of non-immunogenic antibody fragments to achieve specific toxin-, radioactivity- or effector-domain delivery. There is now a growing interest in using anti-idiotypic antibodies or other antigen mimics to induce potent immune responses against antigen structures in question. We have earlier reported on the functional rescue of antibodies that are active when fused to the phage, but inactive as soluble protein [Jensen, K.B., Larsen, M., Pedersen, J.S., Christensen, P.A., Alvarez-Vallina, L., Goletz, S., Clark, B.F. and Kristensen, P. (2002) Functional improvement of antibody fragments using a novel phage coat protein III fusion system. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 298, 566-73.]. The rescue was accomplished by maintaining the fusion between the antibody fragment and portions of the filamentous bacteriophage coat protein 3, as present in the original antibody-displaying phage. In the present study, we have applied this system in an attempt to improve immunogenicity of anti-idiotypic antibodies isolated by phage display. Here we demonstrate that by preserving linkage between phage antibody and the N-terminal domain of phage coat protein 3, we induce multimerization of the antibody fragments, and improve their immunogenicity. This immunization approach allows induction of anti-idiotypic antibodies in mice, and facilitates the use of antibodies that are non-functional as non-fused soluble protein.     

冠状动脉多支病变不完全血运重建的疗效探讨

目的 探讨不完全性血运重建术对冠状动脉多支病变患者疗效及预后的影响.方法 113例经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠状动脉多支病变患者行单纯药物治疗(CT)或不完全血运重建治疗(IR),随访12个月,比较两组的左心室射血分数(LVEF)及心绞痛发作、6 min步行试验改善情况,以及再入院率、主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率、病死率.结果 治疗后,IR组6 ain步行试验[(384.5±97.5)m]、LVEF(0.50士0.08)、心绞痛发作次数[(4.1±2.3)次/周]较治疗前[分别为(362.1±98.0)m、0.47±0.08、(6.4±2.1)次/周]显著改善(P值均＜0.01);CT组6 min步行试验[(326.9±94.6)m]、LVEF(0.43±0.07)较治疗前[(359.2±99.8)m、0.46±0.09]显著恶化(P值均＜0.01),治疗前心绞痛发作次数[(7.0±2.9)次/周]与治疗后[(6.1±1.8)次/周]的差异无统计学意义(P=0.053).随访12个月时,IR组6 min步行试验、LVEF的增幅分别为(0.08±0.03)%、(0.07±0.01)%,心绞痛发作次数降幅为(0.33±0.06)%;CT组6 min步行试验、LVEF值、心绞痛发作次数降幅分别为(0.08±0.02)%、(0.06±0.02)%、(0.05±0.05)%;两组间上述指标的差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).IR组再人院率为40.0%,显著低于CT组的60.4%(P＜0.05).IR组的MACE发生率及全因病死率分别为11:7%、3.3%,与CT组(分别为18.9%、3.8%)的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 冠状动脉多支病变行不完全性血运重建能够改善患者症状,提高生活质量,但对于预后的影响还需进一步研究.