某医科大学中老年教职工健康状况分析

对１００４名５０岁以上中老年教职工进行健康检查。结果：健康者仅占１１．２５％，而８８．７５％的中老年教职工至少患有１例次疾病，最多患有５例次疾病，总例次患病率为１８６．９５％，男女例次患病率分别为１８７．２４％和１８６．６２％，男女间无差异。前５位疾病的顺位是：心血管疾病、呼吸系疾病、脑血管疾病、消化系统病、泌尿生殖疾病。     

Vessel enhancement filtering in three-dimensional MR angiograms using long-range signal correlation

Small vessels in three-dimensional MR angiograms have low visibility in maximum-intensity projection images because of their low contrast. In a previous study, we had two nonlinear filters that appeared to give significant improvement in small vessel detail. In this paper, we report on a generalization of this filter that allows a more general modeling of the vessels and a more complete suppression of background. One implementation of the general filter gave a vessel mean contrast-to-noise ratio that is 2.52 and 3.51 times higher than the vessel mean contrast-to-noise ratio obtained using our previously reported maximum-minimum (max-min) filter and cross- section filter, respectively.     

In vivo comparison of two through-plane MR velocity mapping methods: Fast fourier encoding and phase mapping

Magnetic resonance imaging maps of velocity were acquired with a 1.5-T system in 10 subjects in a plane perpendicular to the main pulmonary artery. Velocity images were successively acquired with a method developed from Fourier-encoding velocity imaging (FEVI) principles with eight gradient steps and one excitation, and with two-point phase-subtraction mapping. Reconstruction in FEVI was implemented by zero-filling interpolation around the eight gradient steps and then around the four central steps. The methods were compared by using estimates of noise in velocity measurements based on the difference between the experimental map and a smooth fitted map. For the same acquisition time, FEVI with four encoding steps was more precise in velocity measurements than phase mapping. Precision was further increased by the use of eight encoding steps, but acquisition time was doubled.     

腹部CTA检查的质量保证

目的:探讨螺旋CT血管造影(Spiral CT angiography,SCTA)技术,以期提高SCTA造影的质量。材料与方法:采用Somatom Plus 4螺旋CT扫描系统对10例病人行腹部SCTA检查。扫描技术和造影剂参数按病变范围和性质而定,三维重建采用最大强度投影法(MIP)或表面阴影显示法(SSD)或弯曲平面重建法(CPR)。结果:SCTA检查技术能可靠地显示血管形态和病变,评价腹部肿瘤与邻近血管关系。结论:SCTA是无创伤性的血管成像术,在很大范围可替代创伤性的血管造影。     

Multiresolution,model-based segmentation of MR angiograms

During the last decade, the quality of MR angiograms has risen substantially and their clinical utility has been demonstrated progressively. This acceptance has created a need for tools with which to summarize and display the information available. We have used a model-based segmentation technique to extract vascular morphology and local flow parameters from phase contrast MR angiograms. A multiresolution data structure is used as the basis of recursive decision-making to identify regions of blood flow. The resulting data representation allows more efficient data handling in subsequent processing and visualization and is directly applicable to the creation of a connected graph model of vascular regions. We describe this flow feature extraction algorithm and demonstrate the utility of the results.     

温州市艾滋病流行特征及流行趋势分析

目的 分析温州市1985～2000年HIV／AIDS流行现状及影响因素，为采取有效控制措施提供依据。方法 分析全市的艾滋病监测及实验室资料。结果 1985年发现首例HIV抗体阳性，至2000年底累计发现感染者124例，发病27例，死亡16例。感染者以青壮年为主，男女比例为3．28：1，静脉推注吸毒和性接触是主要传播途径。结论 预计今后几年温州市高危人群中HIV感染者将大幅度增长，必须采取有效措施预防和控制艾滋病。     

某医院传染性非典型肺炎疫情分析

目的：分析某医院SARS疫情的发生、发展及控制过程，为疫情控制提供一定的参考依据。方法：依照卫生部推荐的统一个案调查表和临床诊断标准，描述疫情的三间分布以及发放防护用品的数量与病例数的关系。结果：某医院疫情暴发曲线由3个暴发高峰组成，前两个峰较大，后一个峰较小，呈散发。提示病例传染共形成“三代”流行。结论：采用严密的综合防护措施，能够彻底控制SARS疫情在医院的暴发。     

计算机自动定量诊断脑萎缩的初步研究

目的研究正常人群脑容积随年龄及性别的变化规律,提出计算机定量诊断脑萎缩的客观标准。方法利用最新提出的脑容积计算机自动定量算法,测量了脑萎缩组487例(男,310例,女,177例)和正常组1901例(男,993例,女,908例)的颅腔容积、脑容积和脑实质分数(BPF),并通过多项式曲线拟合技术,研究正常人BPF随年龄变化的函数关系。结果正常组颅腔容积为(1271322±128699)mm3,脑容积为(1211725±122077)mm3,BPF为(95.3471±2.3453)%;脑萎缩组颅腔容积为(1276900±125180)mm3,脑容积为(1203400±117760)mm3,BPF为(91.8115±2.3035)%。两组之间的颅腔容积和脑容积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而BPF差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);BPF定量与年龄之间的二次多项式函数关系P(x)=-0.0008x2+0.0193x+96.9999能够较为准确表达正常人BPF随年龄变化的函数关系,其95%可信区间下限为y=-0.0008x2+0.0184x+95.1090。结论BPF与年龄之间函数关系的95%可信区间下限,可作为计算机自动定量诊断脑萎缩的客观标准。     

计算机辅助带锁髓内钉固定胫骨骨折全程规划手术系统的实验研究

目的评价计算机辅助带锁髓内钉固定胫骨骨折全程手术规划系统的有效性及临床可行性。方法在分析系统结构和操作流程的基础上,利用塑料胫骨模型(9根)和尸体胫骨(12具下肢肢体)进行基于C型臂透视图像的术中骨折肢体图像拼接、骨折闭合复位及髓内钉置入仿真测量实验；利用胫骨模型及尸体胫骨进行图像拼接精度分析,以验证图像拼接与规划模块的正确性。利用尸体胫骨进行计算机辅助骨折闭合复位试验,分析骨折复位机构模块的操作可行性。结果图像拼接模块只需术中采集7～10张有效的C型臂图像即可拼接出下肢长骨的全景图像,为采集图像所需的术中透视时间为(19．75±0．61)s；计算机进行X线透视图像采集和拼接总时间为(4．17±0．86)min；塑料模型拼接精度达(1．26±0．76)mm。结论该系统实现了基于C型臂拼接图像的计算机辅助胫骨骨折髓内钉内固定全程手术规划,术中可完成骨折复位图像分析、手术规划、虚拟仿真,髓内钉型号选择以及骨折复位等关键操作,为计算机辅助骨科手术系统治疗长骨骨折搭建了精确、安全、稳定的软硬件技术平台。     

桡骨与尺骨的测量及回归分析

本文测量了桡骨与尺骨各100例,其中桡骨15项指标,尺骨14项指标。并用IBM·PC—XT计算机DBASEⅢ数据库管理系统进行了统计分析以及用桡、尺骨最大长分别与桡、尺骨其它各项指标间进行直线相关分析,建立了25个回归方程。