清肝解毒注射液对急性肝衰竭大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨清肝解毒注射液对实验性急性肝衰竭大鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：大鼠随机分四组：清肝解毒针组，肝细胞生长因子组；生理盐水组；空白组。前三组用D－氨基半乳糖腹腔注射2h后，分别给予相应物治疗，1次／d，连续10d后，处死大鼠，采血，进行红细胞免疫功能，血清免疫球蛋白，血清补体测定。结果：清肝解毒注射液能提高红细胞免疫功能，抑制过强的体液免疫，用效阻断补体系C3途径的激活，使补体合成增加。结论：清肝解毒注射液具有调节机体免疫功能的作用。从而减少或防止肝细胞的大胆坏死，对急性肝衰竭起到良好的治疗作用。     

Undiagnosed Acute Viral Febrile Illnesses,Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone in West Africa is in a Lassa fever–hyperendemic region that also includes Guinea and Liberia. Each year, suspected Lassa fever cases result in submission of ≈500–700 samples to the Kenema Government Hospital Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory in eastern Sierra Leone. Generally only 30%–40% of samples tested are positive for Lassa virus (LASV) antigen and/or LASV-specific IgM; thus, 60%–70% of these patients have acute diseases of unknown origin. To investigate what other arthropod-borne and hemorrhagic fever viral diseases might cause serious illness in this region and mimic Lassa fever, we tested patient serum samples that were negative for malaria parasites and LASV. Using IgM-capture ELISAs, we evaluated samples for antibodies to arthropod-borne and other hemorrhagic fever viruses. Approximately 25% of LASV-negative patients had IgM to dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, chikungunya, Ebola, and Marburg viruses but not to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.     

Time Interval of Two Injections and First-Dose Dependent of Accelerated Blood Clearance Phenomenon Induced by PEGylated Liposomal Gambogenic Acid: The Contribution of PEG-Specific IgM

Repeated injection of PEGylated liposomes can cause the disappearance of long circulating property because of the induction of anti-PEG IgM antibody referred to as “accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon.” Although ABC phenomenon typically occurs when entrapped drugs are chemotherapeutic agent with low cytotoxic, there is little evidence of accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated herbal-derived compound on repeated injection. Herein, we investigated the blood concentration of PEGylated liposomal gambogenic acid (PEG-GEA-L), a model PEGylated liposomal herbal extract, on its repeated injection to rats. We found time interval between injections had considerable impact on the magnitude of ABC phenomenon induced by PEG-GEA-L. When time interval was prolonged from 3 days to 7 days, ABC phenomenon could be attenuated. Furthermore, its magnitude was enhanced accompanied by a marked rise in the accumulation of PEG-GEA-L in the liver and spleen in a first-dose–dependent manner. Consistently, the level of anti-PEG IgM significantly increased with the first dose of PEG-GEA-L and decreased with the extended time interval between injections, which implies anti-PEG IgM is a major contributor to the ABC phenomenon. Notably, the increased expression of liver anti-PEG IgM was accompanied by an increased expression of efflux transporters in the induction process of the ABC phenomenon.     

献血者IgM抗-P_1 12例分析

<正>抗-P1属于冷抗体,最佳反应温度为4℃,在25℃以上不出现凝集反应,故很少有临床意义,但抗-P1直接影响抗体筛选和交叉配血的结果。偶尔有抗-P1在37℃被检出及出现溶血反应的个案报道。现将我室鉴定为抗-P1抗体12例报告如下。1病例介绍我中心化验室对献血者抗体筛选阳性标本进行送检,经鉴定结果为抗-P1抗体12例,一般信息及免疫史调查结果见表1。2血型血清学检查     

Factors Influencing in Vivo Disposition of Polymeric Micelles on Multiple Administrations

l-lactic acid)₃₀ (AB-type), which accumulates in solid tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, lactosome on multiple administrations changed its pharmacokinetics from accumulation in tumors to liver due to the production of antilactosome IgM, which was triggered by the first administration. This phenomenon is called the accelerated blood clearance (ABC). In order to reduce the production of antilactosome IgM, a novel nanoparticle composed of (poly(sarcosine)₂₃)₃-block-poly(l-lactic acid)₃₀ (A₃B-type) was prepared. The A₃B-type lactosome at the second administration showed an in vivo disposition similar to that at the first administration due to suppression of antibody production. This study involving the AB- and A₃B-type lactosomes, with variation of conditions, revealed that the high local density of poly(sarcosine) chains of the A₃B-type lactosome should relate to the prevention of a polymeric micelle from interacting B-cell receptors.     

A novel method to diagnose the infection of enterovirus A71 in children by detecting IgA from saliva

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the main pathogens causing hand, foot, and mouth disease, and often causes diseases of the central nervous system. Early diagnosis is important to prevent EV-A71 outbreaks. The detection of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) is widely used for the early diagnosis of EV-A71 in clinics, especially in rural areas. However, this technique requires the extraction of blood from children who have thin blood vessels and who might fear the use of needles. Therefore, difficulties in the detection process are often encountered. This study developed a noninvasive method to detect EV-A71-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva for the diagnosis of EV-A71 infection. The sensitivity and specificity of IgA detection did not differ significantly compared with IgM detection. IgA antibodies were present in saliva for a relatively shorter period than IgM antibodies were present in serum. The sensitivity of IgA detection was higher than that of IgM detection for secondary EV-A71 infections. These results suggest that the detection of EV-A71-specific IgA in the saliva allows the effective early diagnosis of EV-A71 and may be suitable for detecting EV-A71 infections in children.     

Transfer of serum and cells from Yersinia ruckeri vaccinated doubled-haploid hot creek rainbow trout into outcross F1 progeny elucidates mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection

Yersinia ruckeri is a well-established bacterial pathogen for many salmonid species, against which a formalin-killed bacterin vaccine has been effective in reducing disease outbreaks. Previous studies have reported conflicting results about the protective value of the systemic humoral response to Y. ruckeri vaccination. Here we directly demonstrate that plasma contains the long-term protective component elicited by both immersion and intraperitoneal injection vaccination of rainbow trout. A total of 0.5 μL of plasma from vaccinated fish provided almost complete protection against experimental challenge. Conversely, the cells obtained from peripheral blood conferred little or no protection in naïve recipients. The protective component of immune sera was IgM based on size exclusion chromatography and recognition by monoclonal antibody Warr 1–14. Immune plasma generated against a Y. ruckeri biotype 1 strain protected equally against challenges with Y. ruckeri biotype 1 and 2 strains. These results illustrate the importance of the humoral IgM response against Y. ruckeri and the use of doubled haploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and transfer of plasma/serum and cells into F1 outcross progeny as a model system for dissection of the mechanism(s) of vaccine-induced protection.