Terapias intervencionistas en hipertensión pulmonar

Despite advances in drug therapy, pulmonary hypertension—particularly arterial hypertension (PAH)—remains a fatal disease. Untreatable right heart failure (RHF) from PAH eventually ensues and remains a significant cause of death in these patients. Lowering pulmonary input impedance with different PAH-specific drugs is the obvious therapeutic target in RHF due to chronically increased afterload. However, potential clinical gain can also be expected from attempts to unload the right heart and increase systemic output. Atrial septostomy, Potts anastomosis, and pulmonary artery denervation are interventional procedures serving this purpose. Percutaneous balloon pulmonary angioplasty, another interventional therapy, has re-emerged in the last few years as a clear alternative for the management of patients with distal, inoperable, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. The current review discusses the physiological background, experimental evidence, and potential clinical and hemodynamic benefits of all these interventional therapies regarding their use in the setting of RHF due to severe pulmonary hypertension.     

浙江省新生儿异戊酸血症筛查及临床分析

目的: 了解浙江省新生儿异戊酸血症（IVA）的患病率、临床特征及基因突变特点。方法: 采用串联质谱技术对2009年1月至2019年12月浙江省新生儿疾病筛查中心的3 510 004名新生儿进行遗传代谢病筛查,结合尿有机酸分析及IVD基因检测进行IVA诊断。IVA确诊患儿进行饮食和生活管理,补充左卡尼汀和甘氨酸治疗,长期随访观察并评估患儿的生长和智能发育情况。结果: 共确诊IVA患儿15例,3例为急性新生儿型,其余无临床症状,患病率为1/234 000。所有患儿的血异戊酰基肉碱浓度均不同程度增加。12例患儿进行尿有机酸分析,其中11例异戊酰甘氨酸升高,4例伴3-羟基异戊酸升高。11例患儿进行基因检测,9例为IVD基因复合杂合突变,1例为IVD基因纯合突变,1例只检测出一个IVD基因位点。发现IVD基因突变19种（错义突变14种、内含子突变3种、移码突变1种、同义突变1种）,其中11种突变未见报道。15例患儿中1例死亡,2例在当地随访,其余暂未发现明显临床症状（随访时间2~79个月）,其中3例生长发育落后,其他患儿体格和智力发育均正常。结论: IVA临床表现无特异性,基因谱分散。使用串联质谱开展IVA新生儿筛查,实现早期诊断和治疗能纠正代谢缺陷及其引发的病理生理改变。     

我国IVD产业标准的现状与发展

本文从标准体系角度,结合目前标准制定情况,阐述了我国IVD产业标准的现状,并根据"十二五"规划,展望了IVD产业标准未来的工作重点.     

体外诊断试剂研制常用技术指标之分析性能评估

体外诊断试剂是疾病有效诊治的重要辅助手段。依据《体外诊断试剂注册管理办法》进行该类产品的注册申报,是我国食品药品监督管理局对体外诊断试剂市场准入的要求。本文对体外诊断试剂实验室评价的指标设立及其意义进行整理阐述,以利于研发设计及验证。     

体外诊断试剂临床试验质量保证措施研究

目的:分析体外诊断试剂临床试验中的质量问题,研究制定其质量保证提升措施。方法:汇总医院体外诊断试剂临床试验项目自查发现的质量问题并进行分类,利用帕累托图对其进行统计、分类和分析,确定临床试验中存在问题的主要类型,应用鱼骨图进行根因分析,从试验设计、试验实施和数据总结与报告环节制定质量提高措施。结果:在选取的2013-2019年医院承接体外诊断试剂临床试验的4 235份样本中,共发现质量问题119个,归属10项问题类型,其主要因素为试验记录、试验试剂、方案执行、申报资料、伦理审查及文件和原始记录6项,次要因素为试验样本1项,一般因素有试验人员、知情同意和统计分析3项,应用鱼骨图分析影响试验质量原因,针对临床试验的3个主要环节制定17条质量提升措施。结论:应用帕累托图和鱼骨图分析方法,可梳理出常见的体外诊断试剂临床试验质量问题和原因,制定出体外诊断试剂临床试验质量保证措施,从源头上确保体外诊断试剂临床试验质量。     

非阻断性镀银铜IVD的体外杀精试验

目的证实自行设计的外表镀银的电解铜非阻断性输精管节育栓可进一步用于活体避孕.方法观察该节育栓浸浴液中Cu2+浓度及其杀精能力.结果显示该栓的浸浴液含Cu2+高达269.45±28.88μg/5ml,可使精子活动率和存活率明显下降,畸形率大大增加,但精子数量不变,且Cu2+浓度高时杀精效应更为明显.结论进一步证实了Cu2+的杀精效力,并证明我们设计的节育栓具有杀精避孕的潜力,可以进行更深入的活体动物实验.     

Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Interval Database (CALIPER): Pediatric reference intervals for an integrated clinical chemistry and immunoassay analyzer, Abbott ARCHITECT ci8200

Objectives

A comprehensive set of age- and gender-specific pediatric reference intervals is essential for accurate interpretation of laboratory tests in a pediatric setting.

Design and methods

1459 serum/plasma from children attending select outpatient clinics and deemed to be metabolically stable, were collected from five age groups; 0-12 months, 1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-14 years and 15-20 years. Samples were analyzed for 24 chemistries and 15 immunoassays on ARCHITECT ci8200.

Results

Reference intervals were established according to CLSI/IFCC C28-P3 guidelines by the Robust statistical method. The ranges reflect the central 95% confidence intervals for the population tested. Age and gender were partitioned using the Harris-Boyd method.

Conclusions

While these intervals are ci8200 method specific, they not only provide robust intervals for users of this system but are also useful for any laboratory requiring pediatric intervals if they can be shown to be transferable and if validated for the local patient population.