Repeat Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for Progressive Hepatic Carcinoid Metastases Provides Results Similar to First TACE

Background Transarterial chemoemobolization (TACE) is commonly used to treat metastatic carcinoid tumors; however, the management of progressive disease is less clear. We sought to determine if patients with disease progression after TACE would benefit from repeat TACE. Methods The records of 27 patients undergoing repeat TACE for radiologic or symptomatic progression after TACE for metastatic carcinoid were reviewed and compared to 122 undergoing first TACE. Overall and progression-free survivals were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Mean disease-free interval after first TACE was 11.8 months. Radiologic response was observed in 61% compared to 82% after first TACE (p = 0.058); hormone response in 64% compared to 80% (p = 0.159); and symptomatic response in 77% compared to 92% (p = 0.053). The complication rate after repeat TACE was lower than after first TACE (p = 0.03). Median overall survival was similar after repeat (28.1 months) and first TACE (33.3 months) (p = 0.53). Progression-free survival was shorter after repeat TACE but not significantly so. No factor examined could predict survival after repeat TACE. Conclusion Repeat TACE for patients with hepatic carcinoid metastases failing first TACE or having evidence of disease progression is safe and offers a viable treatment option. Presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Washington, DC, May, 2007.     

肝动脉解剖变异在肝癌介入治疗中的临床意义

目的探讨肝动脉解剖变异的DSA表现及其在肝癌肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）中的临床意义。方法回顾分析223例肝癌患者的DSA资料，对存在解剖变异的肝动脉进一步分析其起源、走行、分布及对TACE的影响，统计每组变异肝动脉的发生率。结果223例中，32例存在肝动脉解剖变异，占14．34％，共40支变异肝动脉，其中变异肝总动脉2支（5％，2／40），变异肝固有动脉1支（2．5％，I／40），变异肝右动脉24支（60％，24／40），变异肝左动脉13支（32．5，13／40），有30支变异肝动脉直接参与肿瘤供血，其中24支行TACE治疗，6支行肝动脉化疗（TAI）。结论正确认识肝动脉的解剖变异特征对提高TACE的成功率、降低手术风险有极其重要的意义。     

CFTR stabilizes ENaC at the plasma membrane

CFTR was reported to regulate ENaC channel opening, decreasing ENaC activity in airways and increasing it in sweat ducts. We generated MDCK-I cell lines stably expressing tagged alphabetagammaENaC+CFTR or ENaC alone, and developed an assay to quantify cell-surface half-life of ENaC. Surprisingly, we found that co-expressed CFTR stabilizes ENaC at the plasma membrane, suggesting that CFTR regulates ENaC stability, not just opening.     

Treatment strategy for synchronous metastases of colorectal cancer: is hepatic resection after an observation interval appropriate?

Background In cases of synchronous colorectal hepatic metastases, the primary colorectal cancer strongly influences on the metastases. Our treatment policy has been to conduct hepatic resection for the metastases at an interval of 3 months after colorectal resection. We examined the appropriateness of interval hepatic resection for synchronous hepatic metastasis. Materials and methods The subjects were 164 patients who underwent resection of hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (synchronous, 70 patients; metachronous, 94 patients). Background factors for hepatic metastasis and postoperative results were compared for synchronous and metachronous cases. Results The cumulative survival rate for 164 patients at 3, 5, and 10 years postoperatively was 71.9%, 51.8%, and 36.6%, and the post-resection recurrence rate in remnant livers was 26.8%. Interval resection for synchronous hepatic metastases was conducted in 49 cases after a mean interval of 131 days. No difference was seen in postoperative outcome between synchronous and metachronous cases. Conclusion The outcome was similarly favorable in cases of synchronous hepatic metastasis and in cases of metachronous metastasis. Delaying resection allows accurate understanding of the number and location of hepatic metastases, and is beneficial in determining candidates for surgery and in selecting surgical procedure.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒e系统状态与肝纤维化关系的研究

目的:观察慢性乙型肝炎患者乙型肝炎病毒e系统状态和复制指标在肝纤维化发生过程中的变化及其与血清纤维化标志的关系,探讨它们在肝纤维化发生过程中的作用及其可能的临床意义.方法:188例慢性乙型肝炎患者根据肝纤维化程度分为S0～S4期等5组,分别用定量PCR及放免法检测患者血清中HBV-DNA及肝纤维化标志透明质酸、Ⅳ型胶原、Ⅲ型前胶原和层粘连蛋白的含量;HBeAg和抗-HBe采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测,并观察其在不同肝病理纤维化分期时的变化.结果:随着肝纤维化程度加重,血清HBV-DNA含量逐渐升高,从S1期开始显著增加(P＜0.01);而HBeAg阳性率逐渐降低,S3、S4期较S0显著减少(P＜0.05和P＜0.01);抗-HBe阳性率呈相反的变化趋势,在S3和S4期的阳性率明显高于S0期(P＜0.05和P＜0.01).血清HBV-DNA( )HBeAg( )组血清纤维化标志最低,HBV-DNA(-)抗-HBe( )组最高,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:HBV复制和e系统状态的改变与肝纤维化程度密切相关,肝内病毒复制标志与血清纤维化标志联合检测,对于判断肝纤维化程度和指导抗病毒治疗有重要的价值.     

姜黄素抗肝纤维化的实验研究

目的:探讨姜黄素的抗肝纤维化作用。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、高、中、低3个剂量姜黄素组和阳性对照组,用皮下注射CC l4法诱导大鼠肝纤维化。测量并计算肝脏指数;测定各组大鼠ALT及AST活性以评价肝功能;同时观察各组大鼠肝脏形态学变化。结果:模型组大鼠肝脏指数均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),姜黄素治疗组大鼠肝脏指数明显高于模型组大鼠(P<0.05)。与正常组大鼠比较,模型组大鼠肝脏AST和ALT均显著升高(P<0.01),给予姜黄素治疗后,各治疗组大鼠肝脏AST和ALT活性均显著下降(P<0.05)。HE染色及M asson三色染色显示,秋水仙碱治疗组及各剂量姜黄素治疗组可见肝损伤病变明显减轻,纤维组织增生程度也明显轻于模型组。结论:姜黄素能明显减轻CC l4所致肝损伤,保护肝脏正常结构和功能,延缓肝纤维化。     

红背叶根对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠血流变及微循环的影响

目的观察红背叶根对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠血流变和微循环变化的影响,从＂络病学说＂探讨其抗肝纤维化的中医病机。方法制备猪血清致大鼠肝纤维化模型,观察红背叶根对该模型动物的全血黏度150/s切变率、30/s切变率、5/s切变率、1/s切变率、红细胞压积、舌下及耳廓的脉络变化的影响。结果红背叶根能显著降低肝纤维化大鼠的全血黏度150/s切变率、30/s切变率、5/s切变率、1/s切变率、红细胞压积、透明质酸酶（HA）、层黏连蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原（CIV）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）指数,改善纤维化大鼠舌下和耳廓脉络的循环状态。结论红背叶根对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠血流变和微循环变化的改善,提示＂活血通络＂可能是其抗肝纤维的主要病机之一。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效评价

目的评价应用碘化油及四氧化三铁（Fe3O4）微球栓塞治疗原发性巨块型肝癌的临床疗效。方法回顾分析行超选择插管栓塞原发性巨块型肝癌246例,分两组,以碘化油6-27 ml＋Fe3O4250μm,丝裂霉素（10 mg）,5-Fu 250 mg混悬液栓塞,主干应用明胶海绵栓塞126例,选择同期常规剂量碘化油及明胶海绵治疗巨块型肝病120例作为对照组,碘化油用量6-27 ml,分析两组术前后病灶大小变化,近期有效率及生存率。结果碘化油及Fe3O4组近期有效率明显高于碘化油组,碘化油及Fe3O4组1、2、3年生存率分别为89.3%、42.7%、31.2%,而碘化油组分别为53.8%、14.9%、12.6%。结论碘化油及Fe3O4微球治疗巨块型肝癌较碘化油栓塞组疗效有明显提高,可视为治疗巨块型中晚期肝病的有效方法。     

伴肝转移的Ⅳ期胃癌手术方式的合理选择

目的探讨不同手术方式对伴肝转移的Ⅳ期胃癌患者的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析1993-2004年间102例伴肝转移的Ⅳ期胃癌病例的手术方式,评价不同术式对预后的影响。结果肝转移H1的胃癌病例行姑息切除后半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为69%、44%和6%,与改道手术、开腹探查术者的生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。肝转移H2的胃癌病例姑息切除术后半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为56%、13%和6%,与改道手术、开腹探查术者的生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.068)。肝转移H3的胃癌病例行姑息切除半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为25%、13%和0,与改道手术、开腹探查术者的生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.157)。有或无腹膜转移的病例,其术后生存率比较,差异亦无统计学意义(P=0.132)。结论肝转移H1的胃癌患者,无论伴与不伴腹膜转移,均应尽量行姑息性切除手术。肝转移H2、H3的Ⅳ期胃癌患者行切除性手术无益于预后。     

Increased glucose excursion in cystic fibrosis and its association with a worse clinical status

BACKGROUND: Abnormal glucose tolerance is a frequent co-morbidity in cystic fibrosis patients (CF), and is associated with a worse prognosis. The objectives are to investigate (a) the relative contribution of insulinopenia and insulin resistance (IR) for glucose tolerance and (b) the association between various glucose parameters and CF clinical status. METHODS: Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 114 consecutive CF patients not known to be diabetic as well as 14 controls similar for age and BMI. RESULTS: Abnormal glucose tolerance was found in 40% of patients with CF: 28% had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 12% had new cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD). Compared to control subjects, all CF patients were characterized by an increased glucose excursion (AUC). While reduced early insulin release characterised CF, IGT and CFRD patients also present IR thus both mechanisms significantly contribute to glucose tolerance abnormalities. Increased glucose AUC and reduced early insulin release but not glucose tolerance categories were associated with a reduced pulmonary function (FEV(1)). CONCLUSION: In CF, early insulin secretion defect but also IR contribute to glucose intolerance. Early in the course of the disease, increased glucose AUC and reduced early insulin secretion are more closely associated with a worse clinical status than conventional glucose tolerance categories.