Anticonvulsant activity of ginseng on seizures induced by chemical convulsants

PURPOSE: To test the anticonvulsant activity of three preparations of American ginseng: whole root extract, whole leaves/stems extract, and a partially purified extract that concentrates the Rb ginsenosides (Rb extract). METHODS: One hour after treatment with normal saline, or one of the three ginseng preparations, seizures were induced in adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats with kainic acid (KA; 10 mg/kg), pilocarpine (300 mg/kg, preceded by methylscopolamine, 1 mg/kg, s.c.), or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 50 mg/kg). Time to onset of seizure activity, duration of seizure activity for PTZ, seizure severity, and weight change for KA and pilocarpine were determined for each animal. The brains from animals who had received KA or pilocarpine were examined for severe neuronal stress, by using immunoreactivity for heat-shock protein (HSP)72. RESULTS: The Rb extract had a dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect in all three models of chemically induced seizures: increasing the latency to the seizures; decreasing the seizure score, weight loss, and subsequent neuronal damage after pilocarpine; and shortening the seizure duration and reducing mortality after PTZ. The Rb extract also significantly reduced the effects of KA, including completely blocking behavioral seizures. The root preparation increased the mortality rate after administration of pilocarpine, but had no other significant effects. The leaves/stems preparation, at 120 mg/kg, reduced the weight loss after pilocarpine, but had no other significant effects. CONCLUSIONS: Ginseng extract made from either the root or leaves/stems is ineffective against chemically induced seizures. A partial purification of the whole extract that concentrates the Rb1 and Rb3 ginsenosides has significant anticonvulsant properties.     

西洋参加工品西洋红参中皂苷及糖类成分的分析

为了考察西洋参的加工品西洋红参的加工方法,将四组不同规格的新鲜西洋参分别在常压和高 压条件下加工成西洋红参,采用高效液相色谱法测定四组西洋红参中的中性皂苷Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rc,Rb2,Rd及酸性皂苷m-Rb1,m-Rc,m-Rv2和m-Rd的含量,并采用比色法测定多糖及还原糖的含量.结果为西洋参单根鲜重大于40g样品组的西洋红参加工品中总皂苷、总糖类及主要单体皂苷的含量均较其它三种规格的西洋红参样品含量高;西洋红参中总皂苷与多糖、多糖与还原糖的含量成反比关系.     

人参甙鹿茸精对雄性大鼠生殖内分泌功能的影响

雄性大鼠离体腺体经加入人参甙或鹿茸精培养后,用放射受体法测定出LH分泌值非常显著增加,若同时加入前列腺素合成抑制剂消炎痛,则LH值较前者显著降低。据此推测人参甙和鹿茸精对LH分泌的兴奋作用是经前列腺素参与调控的。年轻雄性大鼠皮下注射参、茸二药液后,血浆中睾九酮含量前者无显昔增加,后者有显著增加;同时睾丸组织对~(125)Ⅰ—hCG结合力,即受体功能两者皆无明显变化。     

人参皂甙对小鼠腹水型网状细胞肉瘤ARS细胞分化与生长的影响

人参皂甙在体外短期培养中,能诱导ARS细胞在细胞表型、非特异性酯酶活性和吞噬功能方面,出现巨噬细胞样分化,并能抑制瘤细胞的DNA合成和核分裂。人参皂甙组瘤细胞、核、核仁及核浆比值明显减小;表面微绒毛减少,出现皱褶;线粒体小,数量增多,大小一致,分布规则;非特异性酯酶活性增高;吞噬功能增强。特别是诱导增多的小细胞,上述变化更明显,是一种分化程度高的巨噬细胞样细胞。     

正交试验法优选人参总皂苷的提取工艺

目的：优选人参的提取工艺。方法：采用正交设计对人参总皂苷提取工艺优化，利用大孔吸附树脂分离方法，以比色法测定了不同工艺提取物中人参总皂苷的含量及漫膏得率。结果：人参总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为：60％乙醇．8倍量，提取3次,4h／次。结论：此法简单、易行，方法重现性好，适用于工业化生产。     

9种人参皂甙对培养鼠胚脊髓神经元生长的影响

目的:探讨9种主要人参皂甙单体对体外培养鼠胚脊髓运动神经元和脊神经节感觉神经元生长的影响。材料和方法:孕期15d的SD雌鼠,取其胎鼠,消化法混合培养鼠胚脊髓运动神经元和脊神经节感觉神经元;MTT法观察9种人参皂甙单体(Rb1、Rb3、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg1、Rg2、Rh1、Rh2)对脊髓神经元生长的影响。结果:人参皂甙Rg1、Rb1、Re,Rf、Rh1可明显提高体外培养神经元的活力(P<0.01);而Rb3、Rd、Rg2、Rh2对脊髓神经元活力无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论:人参皂甙对周围神经具有保护神经元作用。     

几种含人参皂苷成分中成药制剂的输液管理简

目的 观察确定几种含人参皂苷成分的中成药与常用输液配伍后不同时间段内的稳定性,最佳的输注时间和配液、输注方式.方法：将参麦注射液、艾迪注射液、参附注射液、康艾注射液这4种合人参皂苷成分中成药制剂与常见输液配伍,监测0-4h内的性状、pH值、微粒数及吸光度.结果：几种含人参皂苷成分中成药与常见输液配伍后0-4h的性状稳定,液体澄清;吸光度和pH值波动范围小;微粒数在0-2h内波动较大,且部分大于国家标准,2-4h微粒值相对趋于稳定,基本低于国家标准.结论：几种含人参皂苷成分的中成药与常用输液配伍后静置1h左右输注更安全有效,配液时宜缓慢注入药液,减少泡沫的产生.     

Cytotoxicities of ginseng saponins and their degradation products against some cancer cell lines

In order to elucidate the cytotoxicity-structure correlation of ginseng-derived components, several prosapogenins and sapogenins were prepared from Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) saponins by acid hydrolysis or alkaline cleveage, and their chemical structures were identified by a combination of spectral and physical methods. Some of these degradation products showed the cytotoxic activities against various cancer cell lines, A549, SK-OV-3, SK-Mel-2, P388, L 1210 and K562. The significant difference in cytotoxicity between stereoisomers was not found and the activity was inversely proportional to the number of sugars linked to sapogenins. Diol-type prosapogenins and sapogenins showed higher cytotoxicity than triol-type ones.     

紫外-可见分光光度法测定振源口服液(无糖型)中人参总皂苷的含量

目的采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定振源口服液(无糖型)中人参总皂苷的含量。方法以人参皂苷Re为对照,用1%香草醛-高氯酸试液及77%硫酸显色,在540 nm波长下通过紫外分光光度法对人参总皂苷进行含量测定。结果人参皂苷Re浓度在6.65⁶6.55μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,回归方程A=-0.0751+0.0195X(相关系数r=0.9995),平均回收率为96.92%(RSD=1.79%)。结论该方法简便可靠,稳定性好,可用于本品的含量测定和质量控制。     

人参皂苷对脂代谢的调控作用

人参总皂苷或人参皂苷(GS)单体可通过多种机制改善脂代谢,主要包括:通过下丘脑腹内侧核抑制摄食行为;通过下调胰脂肪酶(PL)活性,抑制肠道含脂食物吸收;抑或通过调控脂肪生成转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体(PPARs)、糖脂代谢调控分子腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)及其靶基因表达等.