苯乙酸对人结直肠癌细胞HCT-8的G1细胞周期阻滞及增殖抑制作用

摘要：目的 探讨诱导分化剂苯乙酸（PA）对人结直肠癌细胞系HCT 8细胞周期及增殖的影响。 方法 应用MTT比色法，以1.0，2.0，3.0，4.0，5.0 mmol/L的PA作用于体外培养的HCT 8细胞，分别于24，48，72h后对细胞增殖进行检测；流式细胞术分析细胞周期。结果 随着PA浓度的增加（1～5 mmol/L）或药物作用时间的延长（24～72h），肿瘤细胞生长抑制率明显增加。PA1~5mmol/L作用24h细胞生长抑制率为5.1%-24.3%，48h为16.7%-72.3%，72h为30.2%-93.4%。PA作用细胞72h后，G0/G1期比例显著下降，S期比例相对升高，组间差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论 PA在诱导分化结直肠癌HCT 8细胞过程中，可诱导G1细胞周期阻滞，抑制细胞增殖。     

Greater curve approach for laparoscopic gastric bypass: total stapler gastrojejunostomy

BACKGROUND: Gastric bypass is an established bariatric procedure that has undergone multiple modifications to improve its effectiveness. The side-to-side stapled technique is well recognized, but closure of the gastrotomy/enterotomy by the stapler can potentially narrow the Roux limb. Because of this, many surgeons will hand suture the closure of the gastrotomy/enterotomy. To obviate this difficulty, we inserted the linear stapler from the stomach's greater curvature, using a double-stapled anastomosis that minimized the need for hand suturing. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 307 patients undergoing this technique for laparoscopic gastric bypass. The weight loss and 30-day morbidity and mortality were tabulated and compared with those in other published series. RESULTS: Of the 307 patients, none died postoperatively. The overall 30-day morbidity rate was 15%. Two leaks from the gastrojejunostomy and 2 from the jejunojejunostomy (1.2%) developed. The mean percentage of excess weight loss was 34% at 3 months, 52% at 6 months, 73% at 1 year, 71% at 2 years, and 69% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: The greater curve approach avoids Roux limb obstruction, minimizes the need for hand suturing, and uses standard trocar incisions. Our short-term follow-up results are similar to those of series of other techniques.     

胃癌大肠转移的X线钡灌肠表现

目的:分析胃癌大肠转移的X线钡灌肠表现。方法:104例胃癌入院术前检查发现结肠转移或胃癌术后转移入院治疗的病例。分析钡灌肠初次发现大肠转移征象的年龄、发现胃癌原发病变距初次发现大肠转移的间隔时间、转移病变的发生部位和病变造成的X线钡灌肠图像上的肠管变形和粘膜面的改变。结果:104例胃癌结肠转移,男67例,女37例。胃癌术前检查中发现结肠转移者32例,术后发现的大肠转移中,多数转移发生在手术后3年内(占91.3%)。胃癌原发灶的肉眼形态BorrmannⅢ型(28例)和BorrmannⅣ型(65例)者占89.4%,组织学中以低分化腺癌和印戒细胞癌为主要成分者占91.3%。X线钡灌肠检查显示大肠转移的好发部位为横结肠(80),其次为直肠(50)。转移灶可累及多节段肠管,其中横结肠中1/3段(47),横结肠左1/3(44),横结肠右1/3(39)和直肠腹膜返折之上(39)。X线显示肠管单侧变形者227处,双侧变形者96处。黏膜面表现为梳齿状黏膜纹聚集改变253处,颗粒结节状改变23处,外压性改变20处,弥漫性改变62处。结论:胃癌大肠转移的好发部位为横结肠和直肠,结肠黏膜面的梳齿状黏膜纹聚集为胃癌大肠转移的主要X线钡剂灌肠表现。     

全器械吻合法在全胃切除术后胃肠道重建中的应用(附56例报告)

目的评价机械吻合在全胃切除后消化道重建中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析56例胃恶性肿瘤患者全胃切除后应用管状吻合器吻合进行消化道重建的临床资料。结果本组每例手术时间为70～180min，平均手术时间90．5min。无手术死亡。术后无一例发生吻合口瘘（食管空肠吻合处）；4例发生吻合口溃疡，2例发生吻合口狭窄，吻合口狭窄率为3．57％，吻合口溃疡发生率为7．10％。结论全机械吻合在全胃切除术中具有操作简便、安全可靠、疗效确切，可缩短手术时间，减少术后吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄率等优点，值得推广应用。     

Predicting Stricture in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Logistic Regression Analysis

Gastrojejunostomy stricture after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass occurs in 3 to 27% of morbidly obese patients in the USA. We questioned whether preoperative patient characteristics, including demographic attributes and comorbid disease, might be significant factors in the etiology of stricture. In this study from November 2001 to February 2006 (51 months), at a high-volume bariatric center, of the 1,351 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass, 92 developed stricture (6.8%). All but two were treated successfully by endoscopic dilation. All patients stopped nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications 2 weeks prior to surgery and did not restart them. The operative procedure included the use of a 21-mm transoral circular stapler to create the gastrojejunostomy; the Roux limb was brought retrogastric, retrocolic. In an effort to reduce our center’s stricture rate, late in the study, U-clips used at the gastrojejunostomy were replaced by absorbable sutures, and postoperative H₂ antagonists were added to the treatment protocol. The change to absorbable polyglactin suture proved to be significant, resulting in a lower stricture rate. The addition of H₂ antagonists showed no significant effect. Following the retrospective review of the prospective database, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with the development of stricture. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and age were each shown to be statistically significant independent predictors of stricture following laparoscopic gastric bypass. Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, May 20–24, Los Angeles, CA (poster presentation).     

三氧化二砷抑制肝癌细胞RhoC基因表达对其侵袭转移行为的影响

目的 观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)抑制肝癌HepG2细胞侵袭转移的作用及对转移相关基因BhoC表达的影响.方法 分别采用AnnexinV/PI双染色流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法、TransweU法检测As2O3对HepG2细胞黏附、迁移、侵袭能力的影响.采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及Western blot法检测AS2O3作用后HepG2细胞中RhoC基因表达的变化.结果 As2O3作用后HepG2细胞的早期凋亡细胞明显增多(P＜0.05),黏附、迁移及侵袭穿膜细胞数较对照明显减少(P＜0.01).As2O3作用4、6.8d后RhoC基因表达水平下降(P＜0.05).结论 As2O3可通过下调RhoC基因的表达及诱导细胞凋亡而抑制肝癌细胞的侵袭转移.     

酪氨酸激酶Syk在肝癌中的表达及与血管生成的关系

目的探讨酪氨酸激酶Syk在肝细胞性肝癌中的表达及对肿瘤微血管生成的影响。方法采用RT-PCR检测Syk mRNA在肝细胞性肝癌及癌旁正常组织中的表达，免疫组化SABC法检测标本中CD34的表达反映肿瘤的微血管密度（MVD）。结果24例癌旁正常组织中Syk mRNA均表达阳性，32例肝细胞性肝癌中Syk mRNA表达率为46.9％（15／32），其中低分化组阳性表达率23．1％（3／13），明显低于高分化组阳性表达率63．2％（12／19）（P〈0．05）。肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）检测：低分化组（Ⅲ级Ⅳ级为49．2±3.6，54±4.3），明显高于高分化组（Ⅰ级Ⅱ级为13．6±4．5，32.3±3．2）与正常组织（5．9±1．7），有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Syk mRNA的表达与CD34的表达明显负相关（r=-0.97）。结论肝细胞性肝癌中Syk基因的缺失对癌组织血管的生成起重要的作用。     

二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物的抗大鼠实验性胃溃疡作用及其作用机理研究

二羧乙基锗倍半氧物(Dicarboxyethyl GermaniumSesquioxide,DEG)是人工合成的有机锗化合物。它能对抗Shay幽门结扎性溃疡的形成,使胃液中PGE_2含量增加,胃蛋白酶活性和游离酸度明显降低。DEG还能对抗消炎痛型,五肽胃泌素型和酒精型溃疡的形成,促进醋酸型溃疡的愈合,但对应激型和利血平型溃疡无对抗作用。DEG的主细胞分泌功能比对照组明显减弱。实验结果表明,DEG的抗溃疡作用可能与增加胃内PGE_2含量、抑制胃液分泌和促进蛋白质合成有关。     

NSCLC患者行PET检查的成本效益分析

目的研究非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者行PET和CT检查的成本效益比,寻找更低成本效益比的检查.方法采用决策分析法,对国内现有NSCLC患者PET及CT诊断效率研究中的数据进行分析,比较其正确检出费用、正确分期费用和正确治疗费用.结果①就检出率而言,CT的成本效益比更低;②就分期准确性而言,CT的成本效益比仍较PET低;③就诊疗费用的成本效益比而言,PET较CT为低;④PET与CT相比,其优势在于诊断Ⅰ期的患者.结论CT适合NSCLC的筛选,而PET适用于临床分期,指导临床治疗.     

多层螺旋CT在肝癌介入治疗中的价值

目的　评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在肝癌(HCC)介入治疗中的指导作用,着重研究对肝动脉化疗栓塞的价值。方法　对54例HCC患者先行MSCT检查,分别观察肝动脉期、门静脉期和肝静脉期肿瘤及其并发症的影像表现;其中12例行CTA检查,42例应用MIP或MPR观察腹腔动脉的解剖和走行,根据影像表现拟订治疗方案。结果　54 例患者MSCT发现HCC病灶225个,门静脉瘤栓10例,动静脉瘘14例。MSCT对肿瘤数目、门静脉瘤栓显示率与 DSA无显著差异 (P>0.05)。CTA对于显示腹腔动脉及其主要分支的解剖三维结构优于后前位 DSA,观察与腹主动脉夹角较 DSA更方便。MSCT发现肝动脉起源变异5例,与DSA完全符合。结论　MSCT对于肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞有重要指导意义。