The Florey turns 50

The origins of the Howard Florey Laboratories of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, are tied to the ground‐breaking clinical work of Derek A Denton in 1947 and to the investigations of the initial scientific team into the control of salt and water balance in health and disease over the period 1947–1963 were Professor RD Wright, Drs JR Goding, IR McDonald, John P Coghlan, E Marelyn Wintour and John R Blair‐West. An Act of Parliament in 1971 by the Victorian State Government formally established the Institute named after Howard Florey, the Australian Nobel Prize winner who isolated penicillin. The Howard Florey Laboratories/Institute quickly became an international leader in the scientific areas of the physiological control of body fluids and electrolyte balance, especially sodium regulation and the regulation of the secretion of aldosterone, the adrenal salt‐retaining hormone; the micro measurement of hormones, in particular steroids and peptides; instinctive ingestive behaviour; fetal fluid regulation; hybridization histochemistry, and the hormone relaxin. Subsequently, the senior staff included, inter alia, Bruce Scoggins, Richard Weisinger, John McDougall, Brian Oldfield, Michael McKinley, Robin McAllen, Hugh Niall, Geoff Tregear and Felix Beck. During the 1990s, an explosion occurred in neuroscience and, in 1997, the Board made the strategic decision to change the focus of the Institute to brain disorders. From 1997 to 2007, Fred Mendelsohn steered the Florey to become one of Australia's premier brain research institutes and, under the current director (the eminent clinician and neuroscientist Geoffrey Donnan), this reputation has been further enhanced.     

注射用益气复脉治疗分水岭脑梗死的效果分析

目的 观察注射用益气复脉治疗急性分水岭脑梗死的临床效果.方法 80例急性分水岭脑梗死患者完全随机分为观察组（40例）,对照组（40例）.2组均给予抗血小板聚集、调脂、调控血压、改善微循环及保护脑细胞等治疗,观察组在此基础上加用注射用益气复脉,5.2 g/d静脉滴注,共10 d.治疗前后应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）进行神经功能缺损评分.结果 2组患者治疗后NIHSS评分均低于本组治疗前[观察组（8.4±2.5）分比（13.2±2.3）分,对照组（9.6±3.2）分比（13.4±2.7）分],观察组治疗后NIHSS评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）.观察组治疗有效率为85.0％（34/40）,明显高于对照组的65.0％ （26/40）（P＜0.05）.2组均无明显不良反应.结论 注射用益气复脉治疗分水岭脑梗死安全、有效.     

提高科研院所党政办公室管理能力的措施与思考

党政办公室是党委和行政领导的服务机构,在日常工作中紧紧围绕中心工作,努力提高管理能力,服务于 领导、服务于处室、服务于全所职工.中国医学科学院医药生物技术研究所通过加强党政办公室队伍建设、思想建设、制度建设和能力建设,逐步提高党政办公室人员的自身素质和专业化水平,最大限度地发挥综合管理作用.     

医药科研院所研究生党建工作探析

研究生党建工作是高校党建工作的重要组成部分,医药科研院所的研究生党建工作又有其自身的特点。中国医学科学院药物研究所党委针对研究生培养模式,在组织建设、人才培养和思想教育3方面力求创新．并对科研院所的研究生党建工作进行了理论探讨,积极探索适应时代发展的高校研究生党建工作有效途径。     

甘肃省11 358名医务人员锐器伤现状调查

目的对甘肃省不同层次医院的医务人员锐器伤（SI）现状进行调查,为提高临床医务人员的防护意识,规范操作行为以及制定职业防护措施提供指导。方法2012年1-12月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对甘肃省6市州共38所医疗机构的医务人员进行现场问卷调查和访谈。结果共回收问卷11 358份,SI发生率为9.87%（1 121例）,例次率为12.60%（1 431例次）,发生密度为1.05次/(人·月)。不同性别、岗位、工作年限组医务人员SI发生率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;不同岗位人群,容易发生SI的地点不同;造成医务人员SI的主要医疗器具是注射器针头、静脉输液头皮针及手术缝针。已知暴露源的SI有1 099例次(76.80%);发生污染SI 980例次(68.48%),其中474例次（48.37%）为血源性疾病暴露,血源性疾病暴露率为33.12%。在调查的血源性暴露中,乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)占74.25%,梅毒螺旋体（TP）占13.10%,丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）占12.01%,人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）占0.64%。 结论甘肃省医务人员锐器伤发生率处于较高水平,探索适合区域性医疗机构医务人员职业安全监控和管理体系,是一个亟待解决的社会问题。     

2011—2013年西安市各级医疗机构消毒灭菌质量监测

目的了解西安市属各级医疗机构消毒灭菌质量现状,加强医院消毒工作的监督管理,以改进医疗机构消毒灭菌水平与感染控制措施。 方法依据2002年版《消毒技术规范》和GB 15982－1995《医院消毒卫生标准》相关规定,对全市69所医疗机构的消毒灭菌效果进行监测与评价。结果2011-2013年共检测样品2 224份,消毒灭菌质量合格1 766份,总合格率为79.41％。消毒灭菌质量监测中,三级医疗机构合格率（83.67％）高于二级及以下医疗机构（77.50％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;公立医疗机构（79.64％）合格率与民营医疗机构合格率（78.20％）差异无统计学意义（P=0.532）;综合医疗机构合格率（80.18％）高于专科医疗机构（74.92％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.030)。不同监测对象（样品）中,使用中消毒剂和压力蒸汽灭菌效果（测试包和PCD）合格率（分别为98.46%、100.00%、98.06%）较高,医护人员手卫生和戊二醛合格率（分别为58.48%和43.28%）较低。结论西安市各级医疗机构消毒灭菌质量水平参差不齐,不同监测对象消毒灭菌质量差异较大,应重点加强医务人员手卫生和戊二醛浓度的监管工作。     

Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity

This paper describes the history and current structure of the Institut für Therapieforschung (IFT) [Institute for Therapy Research] in Munich, as well as major research topics and factors which might contribute to a creative structure and atmosphere for innovative research in the addiction field. The institute was founded in 1973 as a non‐profit non‐governmental organization (NGO) with a focus on applied research. Starting with behaviour therapy‐based development and evaluation of programmes for alcohol, illicit drugs and smoking and the evaluation of treatment services, the institute gradually expanded its topics, covering prevention (1985) and epidemiology and policy evaluation (1990), and participated throughout this period in the development of guidelines and screening, diagnostic and clinical instruments. Later, the IFT tried to bridge the gap between basic sciences, applied research, health‐care services and health policy, with a network of national and international contacts, including its own university engagements and collaborations with foreign research groups and national and European Union (EU) agencies. Possible creativity‐promoting factors on the institutional and individual levels are discussed, e.g. the collaboration of experienced senior researchers with carefully selected innovative doctoral students, considerable in‐house and external training of young researchers and the early participation and presentation of their work at international conferences, independence from stakeholders in the field and the refusal of project funds which require external clearance of publications.     

The Mother,the Infant and the Matrix

The author describes his ongoing experience in creating an entirely new psychoanalytic training institute from the merger of two currently operating institutes. The goals, ideals, conflicts, and vicissitudes of the merger process are described, along with the more difficult and elusive effort to turn out skilled and emotionally balanced analysts who are, to whatever extent possible, also decent human beings.     

Evaluation of safety and tolerance of microencapsulated Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 in a yogurt formulation: A randomized,placebo-controlled,double-blind study

Probiotic organisms have shown promise in treating diseases. Previously, we have reported on the efficacy of microencapsulated Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 in a yogurt formulation at lowering serum cholesterol levels in otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults. This study investigates the safety and toxicology of oral ingestion of microencapsulated L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 in a yogurt formulation. A randomized group of 120 subjects received a dose of 5 × 10¹⁰ CFU microencapsulated L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 in yogurt (n = 59) or placebo yogurt (n = 61) twice/day for 6 weeks. Clinical chemistry and hematological parameters of safety were analyzed. Fecal samples were collected at these time points for the analysis of deconjugated bile acids. The frequency, duration and intensity of adverse events (AEs) and clinical significance of safety parameters were recorded for both groups. No clinically significant differences between the probiotic yogurt and placebo yogurt treated groups were detected in either the blood clinical chemistry or hematology results and there was no significant increase in fecal deconjugated bile acids (P > 0.05) between treated and control groups. The frequency and intensity of AEs was similar in the two groups. These results demonstrate the safe use of this formulation in food.     

Comparative studies on the ocular and dermal irritation potential of surfactants.

Comparative studies on the irritation potential of 18 surfactants were performed using the same stock solution of surfactant for each study. The ocular irritation potential of surfactants was studied using the red blood cell test (RBC), the hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) and the Skinethic ocular tissue model. The skin irritation potential was assessed based on data obtained from human studies using a 24h epicutaneous patch test (ECT) and a soap chamber test (SCT). The same pH and active substance (AS) content for all surfactants tested was used depending on the test conducted. In general, clusters of substances with varying irritation potential were identified similarly by most tests. These results show that when using standardized test conditions in which pH and % AS are the same for each surfactant tested, there is a good correlation between the in vitro ocular irritation assays themselves as well as between the dermal and ocular irritation assays. In particular the RBC test seems to be not only highly predictive for ocular irritation (H(50)/DI) but also for dermal irritation and changes in barrier function (DI) induced by surfactants.