3种方法固定股骨粗隆下骨折的生物力学研究

目的探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)、股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)、Inter Tan 3种内固定材料固定股骨粗隆下骨折生物力学性能,为临床选择有效内固定方式提供科学依据。方法采购人工股骨标本18根,按照Seinsheimer分型Ⅲa型予以截骨制作成粗隆下骨折模型,分别用3种内固定材料固定,进行股骨的强度、刚度、稳定性、承载能力测式等生物力学实验,分析比较3种内固定方式固定股骨粗隆下骨折的生物力学性能。结果实验力学结果表明:Inter Tan髓内钉固定强度为(1.84±0.15)MPa,DHS为(1.39±0.11)MPa,PFNA为(1.36±0.12)MPa内固定的强度,Inter Tan组内固定强度大于DHS组和PFNA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Inter Tan组刚度EF为(945.35±82.01)N/mm,DHS为(638.54±78.21)N/mm,PFNA为(755.33±86.32)N/mm,Inter Tan组刚度大于DHS组和PFNA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Inter Tan组的抗剪、抗扭的稳定性、承载能力均明显优于DHS、PFNA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);其动态力学性能疲劳寿命也相应比DHS、PFNA组优越。结论 Inter Tan及PFNA均是固定Ⅲa型股骨粗隆下骨折的理想方法,其中Inter Tan整体生物力学性能优于PFNA髓内钉固定,而DHS不适用于此型股骨粗隆下骨折。     

标杆型3D打印导板在寰枢椎脱位治疗中的应用疗效及准确性研究

背景:寰枢椎解剖结构复杂,寰枢椎后方毗邻生命中枢延髓,徒手进行寰枢椎椎弓根置钉有较大难度,一旦出现置钉偏差即有可能造成椎动脉、脊髓、静脉丛及神经根的损伤。目的:探讨标杆型3D打印导板在寰枢椎脱位治疗中的应用疗效及准确性。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年3月收治的44例寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式不同分为徒手置钉的对照组20例,标杆型3D打印导板辅助置钉的研究组24例。观察两组的手术时间、出血量、透视次数;术后复查CT判断置钉准确率;术前和术后6个月随访时采用日本骨科协会(JOA)颈椎神经功能评分评估患者的颈部神经功能,采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估患者的枕颈部疼痛情况。结果:两组术中出血量及手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但研究组术中透视次数相比对照组少(P<0.05);研究组术后6个月的颈部神经功能及VAS评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05);研究组置钉准确率更高(P<0.05)。结论:借助标杆型3D打印导板可有效减少寰枢椎脱位治疗中的透视次数,提高椎弓根螺钉的置钉准确率,促进术后颈部神经功能恢复,降低枕颈部疼痛程度,值得临床推广。     

经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗高龄患者腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛的临床研究

目的观察经皮椎弓根钉治疗高龄老人腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛的临床疗效。方法201O年4月～2013年8月28例腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛的高龄老人,采用经皮椎弓根钉内固定实施治疗,对比术前、术后1周、术后6个月视觉模拟评分（VAS）和功能障碍指数（ODI）,记录手术时间及术中出血量,评价临床疗效。结果本组28例患者,术前视觉模拟评分（VAS）为（7．61±1．22）分,功能障碍指数（OO!）为（53．12±3．32）分：采用经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗,术后1周内均带护腰支具下地活动,下地后术前腰痛症状消失或明显缓解,术后2周伤口甲级愈合并拆线。术后1周VAS为（2．30±0．98）分,0DI为（7．64±1．23）分;平均手术时间130分钟,平均出血量110ml。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6个月,随访时VAS为（2．12±1．33）分,ODI为（8．46±2．20）分。结论经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗高龄老人腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛疗效确切。     

96例经椎旁肌间隙入路伤椎植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效观察

目的：对经椎旁肌间隙入路伤椎植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者的临床治疗效果进行观察和分析。方法：从本院自2008年9月-2012年3月收治的所有胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者中,随机抽样96例患者进行疗效观察,并将抽样样本按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,每组48例。其中对照组患者采用常规的入路开放手术进行治疗,观察组的患者则采用经椎旁肌间隙入路伤椎植骨内固定方法进行治疗。结果：观察组患者手术的耐受性都很好,70～110 min,手术的平均出血量为（150.8±18.4）mL,且所有患者在手术中没有出现并发症。手术完成之后,本组患者在24～48 h之内就可以下床进行活动,在术后两年内接受回访的患者恢复情况良好,内固定去除之后有5例出现骨折部位二次塌陷的问题。对照组在手术中有3例无法耐受手术,手术时间为80～130 min,平均出血量（235.4±25.4）mL,有4例患者在手术后出现并发症。手术完成之后患者一般在72 h左右能下床进行活动。术后两年内接受回访发现,本组患者在内固定去除之后,有13例出现骨折部位的二次塌陷。经过对比,观察组临床治疗效果要明显优于对照组。结论：采用经椎旁肌间隙入路伤椎植骨内固定治疗对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者具有较好的临床治疗效果,和常规的入路开放手术相比,具有损伤小、近期效果好的优势。     

Comparative evaluation of 2-point vs 3-point fixation in the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures – A systematic review

BackgroundThe zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) functions as the main buttress for the lateral portion of the middle third of the facial skeleton and because of its prominent position & convex shape, it is frequently fractured, alone or along with other bones of the midface. The management of the ZMC fractures is debatable as the literature is saturated with various theories. A number of techniques, from closed reduction to open reduction and internal fixation can be effectively used to manage these fractures. Controversies lie right from the amount of fixation (1-, 2-, 3- or 4- point fixation) required to the ideal approach, and there is no conclusive view on its ideal line of management.ObjectiveTo compare Malar asymmetry after 2-point vs 3-point fixation in the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.Data sourceElectronic search of Pub Med, Google Scholar, Institutional Library, Email to authors and manual search of various journals.Study eligibility criteriaThe following criteria were used to select the studies on 2- point and 3-point fixation methods in Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Inclusion criteria had articles that included clinical studies published in the English language or those having sufficient data in English on 2-point or 3-point fixation in the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures between the period of 1st January 2008 to 30th September 2018. While exclusion criteria were articles not published in the English language before 1st January 2008 and after 30th September 2018, any reviews, abstracts, letters to editors, editorials and in vitro studies were excluded. Studies that included patients with craniofacial and secondary deformities were also excluded.InterventionOpen reduction and internal fixation using 2-point and 3-point fixation methods in the treatment of Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.ResultsPreliminary screening consisted of 757 studies and additional records identified through other sources of 272 studies. Amongst these 1029 studies, 837 studies were excluded after reviewing the titles. A review of abstract further excluded 71 studies, so 34 studies that remained were evaluated to fit the eligibility criteria. On the basis of information on fixation methods and parameters of evaluation of fixation method, 26 studies were further excluded. Thus 8 studies with a total of 823 estimates were included in qualitative synthesis.LimitationsParameters assessed by all the authors varied and hence a standardisation for comparison could not be done.ConclusionFive out of eight studies showed that the use of 3-point fixation in the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures was superior than 2-point fixation for the same. Hence it can be concluded that 3-point fixation is superior than 2-point fixation in reducing malar asymmetry in zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.Future implicationsFuture studies with uniform parameters being assessed can be done. 3-point fixation can be used as a standard treatment modality in the effective management of Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.     

胫腓骨粉碎性骨折所致骨筋膜室综合征的早期处理

目的：探讨胫腓骨粉碎性骨折所致骨筋膜室综合征的早期处理,旨在早期发现和及时处理,早期切开减压,挽救患肢,将患者的痛苦降低到最低程度。方法回顾性分析2006年1月～2011年1月我院收治的胫腓骨粉碎性骨折所致骨筋膜室综合征患者30例的临床资料。结果30例胫腓骨粉碎性骨折患者均获得随访,随访7~24个月,发生浅表感染5例,深部感染1例,骨髓炎1例,钉孔感染4例,无一例发生缺血性挛缩及肢体致残。17例半年内骨性愈合,3例延迟愈合,平均愈合时间（8.5±1.2）个月。疗效评价：优12例,良5例,差3例,优良率为75%。结论对于胫腓骨粉碎性骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征早期诊断是关键,果断切开减压是疗效的保障。     

微型钢板在掌(指)骨骨折内固定对比性生物力学研究

目的比较掌指骨骨折不同内固定方法在生物力学方面的差异。方法采用尸体掌指骨人为造成骨折,分别应用微型钢板、贯穿克氏针、交叉克氏针、钢丝固定,比较其在生物力学方面的差异。结论微型钢板固定治疗掌指骨骨折在抗拉伸、抗压缩、抗弯曲、抗扭转方面较其他几种常用内固定方法具有明显的优越性。结论微型钢板与临床上常用的其它几种掌(指)骨骨折内固定材料相比在生物力学性能方面有明显的优越性