Pedicled vascularized fibular graft with Ilizarov external fixator for reconstructing a large bone defect of the tibia after tumor resection

Background

Large bony defects in the middle or distal third of the tibia resulting from surgical resection of malignant bone tumors present a difficult reconstructive challenge. Various methods of reconstruction are available, such as allografts, vascularized fibular graft (either free or pedicled), or endoprothesis replacement for distal defects.

Materials and methods

Twelve patients—eight males and four females with mean age of 18 years at operation (range 14–25 years)—with malignant bone tumors of the tibial shaft were selected as candidates for wide resection of the tumor and reconstruction of the bony defect by ipsilateral vascularized fibular graft based on the peroneal vessels. Preoperative staging studies, including plain radiography, local MRI, isotopic bone scan, and chest CT, were done for every patient before biopsy. Ilizarov external fixation was then applied in all cases. The average length of the bony gap bridged was 14.5 cm (13–16.5 cm) and the mean length of the harvested graft was 16.3 cm (15–18 cm). The average operation time was 7.5 h (5.5–9.5 h).

Results

The mean follow-up period was 38 months (range 32–52 months). Bony union at the proximal and distal ends of the fibula occurred in nine patients (75 %) and at a mean time of 5.5 months (range 4.5–8 months). Graft hypertrophy occurred in all patients. The mean percentage of hypertrophy was 95 % (range 80–160 %). The mean MSTS functional score was 84 % (range 80–92 %). A leg length discrepancy of 2 cm was reported in two patients and was managed using a shoe lift.

Conclusion

Reconstruction of bony defects of the middle or distal tibia after bone tumor resection using pedicled vascularized fibula is a useful limb salvage procedure. The procedure can be performed relatively quickly and inexpensively and has a low rate of late complications. It leads to a good outcome regarding the union, hypertrophy, and function.     

芦山地震中胫腓骨远端开放性骨折的治疗

目的 总结地震灾害所致胫腓骨远端开放性骨折的特点,并探讨其治疗. 方法 2013年4月21日至27日共收治12例地震伤所致胫腓骨远端开放性骨折伤员,男5例,女7例;年龄33～85岁(平均54.8岁).开放性骨折按Gustilo分型:Ⅱ型5例,ⅢA型4例,ⅢB型3例.2例患者合并同侧膝关节闭合性骨折,3例患者合并内、外踝骨折.1 1例患者在急诊行清创、HoffmannⅡ型组合式单边外固定支架固定,l例患者伤后5d行外固定支架固定.对于一期手术后下肢力线偏离、关节对应关系不佳及伴有踝关节脱位的患者,进行二期外固定支架调整. 结果 11例行急诊清创外固定支架固定术的患者中,4例下肢力线恢复满意,7例下肢力线恢复不满意.4例患者因软组织损伤较轻,拟近期更换内固定时直接调整下肢力线;另3例患者软组织损伤严重,且伴有内外踝骨折、踝关节脱位,行二期外固定支架调整术.此3例患者术后骨折均获得良好复位,下肢力线恢复满意,关节对应关系良好. 结论 组合式外固定支架可以快速、有效处理地震灾害中的胫腓骨远端开放性骨折.对于地震伤员,应尽可能一次将骨折复位及下肢力线固定好.对于复位不良者,应及时进行调整,以免因转运而影响治疗和最终功能.     

Computed tomography-guided implant surgery for dental rehabilitation in mandible reconstructed with a fibular free flap: description of the technique

The fibular free flap, with or without a cutaneous component, is the gold standard for reconstructing mandibular defects. Dental prosthetic rehabilitation is possible this way, even if the prosthesis-based implant is still a challenge because of the many anatomical and prosthetic problems. We think that complications can be overcome or reduced by adopting the new methods of computed tomography (CT)-assisted implant surgery (NobelGuide, Nobel Biocare AB, Goteborg, Sweden). Here we describe the possibility of using CT-guided implant surgery with a flapless approach and immediate loading in mandibles reconstructed with fibular free flaps.     

自体腓骨移植治疗胫骨骨纤维结构不良

目的：探讨病灶边缘切除+自体腓骨移植重建胫骨+内固定的手术方式治疗胫骨骨纤维结构不良的疗效。方法1997年1月至2010年12月间我科对10例胫骨骨纤维结构不良（osteofibrous dys?plasia, OFD）的患儿行胫骨病灶骨膜下边缘切除,保留胫骨后壁,所遗骨缺损以自体健侧腓骨移植加钢板内固定重建。移植腓骨长为6~20 cm,平均12.2 cm。术后随访时间为4~12年,平均为6.6年。结果10例患儿术后依据病检有3例最后诊断为似釉质细胞瘤（adamantinoma, AD）的OFD或典型的AD。骨纤维结构不良病灶行骨膜下病灶切除术均未发生术后复发。移植的自体腓骨术后3~8个月（平均4.5个月）达到骨性愈合,双下肢基本等长,功能接近正常。结论骨纤维结构不良因易与釉质细胞瘤混淆,且有发生病理性骨折和有恶变的可能性,建议以手术治疗取代保守治疗。自体腓骨移植重建胫骨骨纤维结构不良病灶切除后骨缺损,游离腓骨骨移植加钢板固定术与带血管腓骨移植效果相当,但方法简单、操作难度小,可最大限度地恢复患肢功能。     

踝关节损伤的治疗进展与思考

正踝关节损伤的损伤力机制复杂,包括轴向暴力、旋转暴力、剪切暴力及混合暴力。常见的踝关节损伤包括骨折、韧带损伤以及两者的混合伤。不稳定的踝关节损伤大多数需采取手术治疗。踝关节损伤一直是国内外骨科领域的研究热点,包括损伤的机制、诊断和分类、治疗方案等,产生很多较新的理念和技术。但多数医生未能熟练掌握和运用,所以每年有大量患者因为误诊漏诊或者不合理治疗导致长期疼痛、功能障碍以及肢体畸形。1腓骨远端骨折的治疗进展对于没有移位的单纯外踝骨折,过去习惯非手     

腓骨近端截骨术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的短期效果

目的观察分析腓骨近端截骨术与人工全膝关节置换术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的短期效果差异。 方法回顾2018年1月至2019年12月间于赤峰宝山中医医院骨科接受腓骨近端截骨术(PFO)和人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗的患者,符合内侧间室膝骨关节炎的诊断且Kellgren-Lawrence分级为Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,排除膝关节内畸形及其他影响关节功能的疾病,排除严重内科疾病及外翻畸形,临床资料完整者。其中接受PFO共55例,纳入观察组,同期接受TKA的55例纳入对照组,统计两组的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用,采用t检验进行比较;统计术前及术后3个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS评分)、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学膝关节炎评分(WOMAC评分)、生活质量问卷评分(SF-36评分),组内及组间比较采用t检验。 结果观察组手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t＝8.712、9.251、9.435、8.987、9.296,均为P<0.01);两组患者术后3个月的VAS、HSS、WOMAC、SF-36评分较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(观察组：t＝7.692、7.802、8.453、7.622,均为P<0.01;对照组：t＝7.639、7.787、8.441、7.619,均为P<0.01),各评分组间比较差异均无统计学意义(t＝0.258、0.401、0.250、0.542,均为P>0.05)。 结论腓骨近端截骨术与人工全膝关节置换术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎,均可获得较好的早期效果;前者手术简单、创伤小、费用低,临床中可以选择性使用。     

Pilon骨折的术前评估与治疗进展

正胫骨远端Pilon骨折,也称作Pilon骨折,指胫骨远端关节面在受到轴向暴力引起的胫骨远端关节内压缩塌陷型骨折。Pilon骨折常因高能量暴力导致关节面损伤严重且伴有严重的软组织损伤。Pilon骨折因其关节面损伤严重,常须手术治疗,Rüedi和Allg?wer最早描述了Pilon骨折的分型及其治疗。Pilon骨折的手术治疗复杂,临床预后并发症较多。本文主要总结分析了近年来Pilon骨折的术前评估与分型、切口选择、内固定选择及治疗方法,并对本期发表的相关文章进行点评。     

Fibula head is a useful landmark to predict the location of posterior cruciate ligament footprint prior to total knee arthroplasty

Purpose

The hypothesis of our study is that a routine tibial cut during cruciate retaining TKA may result in a partial or a total removal of the PCL footprint. Therefore providing a reliable landmark is essential to estimate the probability of PCL damage with a tibial cut and to enable the surgeon to decide pre-operatively whether a cruciate retaining implant design is suitable.

Methods

In a case series of 175 cruciate retaining TKA, the routinely made standing postoperative AP-view radiographs were evaluated to determine the distance between fibula head and tibial cutting plane. In a second case series knee MRI of 223 subjects were consecutively used to measure the vertical distance between tibial attachment of PCL and fibula head. The probability of partial or total PCL damage was calculated for different vertical distances between tibial cut and fibula head.

Results

The vertical distance between the tibial cut and the most proximal point of the fibula head averaged 6.1 mm ±4.8 mm. The mean vertical distance from fibula head to proximal and to distal PCL footprint revealed to be 11.4 mm ±3.7 mm and 5.4 mm ±2.9 mm, respectively. The location of the insertion was not significantly different between subgroups such as age (<50 or >50 years), gender and side. Based on our results 11 (7 %) knees were considered at high risk of an entire PCL removal after implantation of a cruciate retaining TKA design.

Conclusions

Currently available routine tibial preparation techniques result in partial or total posterior cruciate ligament detachment. Fibula head as a landmark aids to predict the PCL location and to estimate its disruption pre- and postoperatively on AP-view radiographs.     

血管化腓骨复合组织瓣在下颌骨缺损修复重建中的初步应用

目的：总结评价血管化腓骨复合组织瓣在下颌骨缺损修复重建中的应用价值。方法：选取口腔颌面外科16例下颌骨肿瘤患者,采用下颌骨部分切除术同期行血管化腓骨复合组织瓣移植修复术治疗,并对治疗效果进行随访观察。结果：移植血管化腓骨复合组织瓣全部成活,供、受区创口均一期愈合,所有患者修复后下颌骨形态功能恢复良好。结论：血管化腓骨复合组织瓣组织量丰富,易塑形是修下颌骨部分缺损的理想组织瓣。     

Nerve and tendon injury with percutaneous fibular pinning: A cadaveric study

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to measure the average distance from a percutaneous pin in each quadrant of the distal fibula to the sural nerve and nearest peroneal tendon, and define the safe zone for percutaneous pin placement as would be used during surgery.MethodTen fresh-frozen cadavers underwent percutaneous pin fixation into four quadrants of the distal fibula. The sural nerve and peroneal tendon were identified as they coursed around the lateral ankle. Distances from the K-wire in each quadrant to the anatomic structure of interest were measured.ResultsAverage distances (mm) from the K-wire to the sural nerve in the anterolateral, anteromedial, posterolateral, and posteromedial quadrants were 19.1 ± 8.9 (range, 5.1–35.5), 12.8 ± 8.2 (range, 0.3–27.8), 12.6 ± 6.8 (range, 3.0–27.8), and 5.9 ± 5.5 (range, 0.1–19.9), respectively. Average distances from the K-wire to the nearest peroneal tendon in the anterolateral, anteromedial, posterolateral, and posteromedial quadrants were 15.7 ± 4.4 (range, 9.5–23.1), 11.9 ± 5.2 (range, 3.2–21.7), 6.3 ± 3.9 (range, 0.1–14.4), and 1.0 ± 1.6 (range, 0–5.6), respectively.ConclusionsPercutaneous pinning of distal fibula fractures is a successful treatment option with minimal complications. Our anatomical study found the safe zone of percutaneous pin placement to be in the anterolateral quadrant. The sural nerve can be as close as 5.1 mm and the peroneal tendons as near as 15.7 mm. In contrast, the posteromedial quadrant was associated with the greatest risk of injury to both the sural nerve and peroneal tendons.