肝炎和肝硬化患者胆囊超声改变的观察与分析

目的 :研究肝炎肝硬化患者胆囊彩色B超声像图变化 ,并探讨其临床意义。方法 :采用彩色超声诊断仪对 139例肝炎和肝硬化患者及 4 2例非肝炎体检者进行胆囊超声检查。结果 :慢性肝炎、重型肝炎、肝硬化患者组与非肝炎对照组彩色B超胆囊异常率比较均差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。重型肝炎、肝硬化组与慢性肝炎组之间胆囊异常率也存在明显的差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :慢性肝病患者胆囊异常与胆囊本身炎症无关。胆囊声像图的改变对判断肝脏实质性病变的严重程度及指导临床治疗有一定的参考价值。     

呼和浩特地区2018-2020年噪声作业人员听力检查情况分析

目的 了解近年呼和浩特地区噪声作业工人职业健康检查听力检查情况,按行业、经济类型、企业规模、性别、年龄、工龄等维度进行统计分析,提出补充对策,为行政部门监管及用人单位日常管理提供科学依据。方法 采用2018-2020年呼和浩特地区噪声岗中职业健康检查结果,用SPSS19.0统计学软件对结果进行卡方检验。结果 呼和浩特地区噪声作业工人听力损害在不同行业、经济类型、企业规模、性别、年龄、工龄等方面存在显著性差异。结论 呼和浩特地区近年职业健康岗中检查噪声异常检出率较高,噪声对工人的危害不容忽视,应引起企业及行政管理部门的足够重视。     

Does Low FEV1 in Addition to Fixed Ratio and/or Lower Limit of Normal of FEV1/FVC Improve Prediction of Mortality in COPD? The NHANES-III-linked-mortality Cohort

Purpose

There is presently an ongoing debate on the relative merits of suggested criteria for spirometric airway obstruction. This study tests the null hypothesis that no superiority exists with the use of fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 versus less than lower limit predicted (LLN) criteria with or without FEV1 <80% predicted in regards to future mortality.

教育心理学和教学效益相关性的研究

本研究在罗马尼亚Oradea大学医药学院进行，始于1998年，结束于2003年。研究的出发点为该学院的学生们提出不少的教师，包括一些国内外知名的学者和医生，因缺乏教育心理学知识，不能很好地理解学生，组织教学和传授知识。因此，本研究设置了问卷调查，学院向教员开设了教育心理学课程(1998年10月～1999年7月)，与学生和教师座谈，统计并比较学生的考试成绩，特别地跟踪研究全国年度(1999年～2003年)医学证书汇考结果。研究结果客观地证实了教育心理学能够提高学习(工作)效益和成果，因为教育心理学知识使得教师(和医师)更好地与学生(或病人)沟通、理解和组织、合作。     

农村初中生考试焦虑程度及原因的调查研究

目的 通过对考试焦虑程度魔原因的抽样调查，为预防和治疗农村初中生考试焦虑提供第一手资料。方法 采用《考试焦虑程度诊断问卷》和《考试焦虑原因和表现自我检查问卷》对180名农村初中生进行问卷调查，并时其结果进行统计分析。结果 ①在考试焦虑程度方面，焦虑检出率为21．7％．士生的焦虑程度显著高于男生，且年级问差异显著；②在考试焦虑原因方面，年级差异和性别差异在整体水平上并不显著．研究发现“担心他人对自己的评价”的学生占总体的36．1％，为首要原因。结论 农村初中生考试焦虑的现状应引起有关部门的重视，建议多开展心理辅导和咨询活动。     

Diet Quality and Cognitive Performance in Australian Adults Aged 55–85 Years: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Hunter Community Study Cohort

There is a lack of evidence to determine if diet quality is associated with cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether diet quality is associated with cognitive performance among older adults. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), comparing diet quality, measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), along with validated cognitive performance instruments the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were undertaken in adults aged 55–85 years, living in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Adjusted linear regression analyses showed that, compared with the lowest ARFS quintile, those in the highest quintile had an ARCS score 5.883 units greater (p < 0.001; R² = 0.0098). Furthermore, when quintiles of ARFS score were tested against each ARCS sub-scale score, statistically significant associations were observed with the greatest effect for the Memory (β = 4.055; p = 0.001; R² = 0.0065) and Attention (β = 4.136; p = 0.002; R² = 0.0047) domains. No statistically significant associations were observed between quintiles of ARFS and MMSE score in the adjusted linear regression analyses. In conclusion, a positive association was observed between diet quality and cognitive performance within this sample of older Australian adults. Further investigation of the above association over time, when follow-up data becomes available, in longitudinal analysis is recommended.     

Increasing Egg Consumption at Breakfast Is Associated with Increased Usual Nutrient Intakes: A Modeling Analysis Using NHANES and the USDA Child and Adult Care Food Program School Breakfast Guidelines

The objective of the current modeling analysis was three-fold: (1) to examine usual nutrient intakes in children when eggs are added into dietary patterns that typically do not contain eggs; (2) to examine usual nutrient intakes with the addition of eggs in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) school breakfast; and (3) to examine nutrient adequacy when eggs are included in routine breakfast patterns and with the addition of eggs to the CACFP school breakfast program. Dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016 (children aged 1–18 years-old; n = 9254; CACFP n = 159) were used in the analysis. The usual intakes of pantothenic acid, riboflavin, selenium, and vitamin D increased ≥10 percent (relative to the baseline values) with the addition of one egg at breakfast. The usual intakes of protein and vitamin A at breakfast were also increased by more than 10 percent compared to the baseline values with the addition of two eggs. Similar outcomes were observed with the addition of eggs to the CACFP school breakfast. The percent of children above the adequate intake for total choline increased to 43.6 and 57.8% with one and two eggs, respectively, compared to 22.6% at the baseline. The addition of eggs at breakfast can contribute to nutrient intakes and overall dietary adequacy and play a role in public health initiatives aimed at increasing the intake of under-consumed nutrients and nutrients of concern.     

Analysis of the Effects of Nutrient Intake and Dietary Habits on Depression in Korean Adults

While several studies have explored nutrient intake and dietary habits associated with depression, few studies have reflected recent trends and demographic factors. Therefore, we examined how nutrient intake and eating habits are associated with depression, according to gender and age. We performed simple and multiple regressions using nationally representative samples of 10,106 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results indicated that cholesterol, dietary fiber, sodium, frequency of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and eating out were significantly associated with depression (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, depression was associated with nutrient intake and dietary habits by gender and age group: sugar, breakfast, lunch, and eating out frequency in the young women’s group; sodium and lunch frequency among middle-age men; dietary fibers, breakfast, and eating out frequency among middle-age women; energy, moisture, carbohydrate, lunch, and dinner frequency in late middle-age men; breakfast and lunch frequency among late middle-age women; vitamin A, carotene, lunch, and eating out frequency among older age men; and fat, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and eating out frequency among the older age women’s group (p-value < 0.05). This study can be used to establish dietary strategies for depression prevention, considering gender and age.     

Lower Dietary Calcium Intake is Associated with a Higher Risk of Mortality in Korean Adults

BackgroundCalcium, one of the most abundant minerals in the human body, has a pivotal role in human physiology. However, only a few studies have examined the association of dietary calcium intake with mortality in a population with low calcium intake.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the association of dietary calcium intake with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Korean adults with low calcium intake.DesignThis study was a prospective cohort study.Participants/settingThe analysis was conducted using data from 44,327 eligible Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2015. Dietary calcium intake was assessed using 1-day 24-hour recall data.Main outcome measuresThe main outcomes of this study were mortality from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and all other causes combined. The outcome was ascertained through linkage to the death registry compiled by Statistics Korea with the use of the resident registration number.Statistical analyses performedWeighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% CIs of the all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to dietary calcium intake.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 7.28 person-years, 1,889 deaths were ascertained. After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality for the second quintile to the highest quintile of dietary calcium intake, respectively, compared with the first quintile were 0.86 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00), 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.98), 0.85 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.03), and 0.78 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.96) (P for trend from the lowest to the highest quintile = .04). There were no statistically significant associations between dietary calcium intake and risk of mortality from cancer, cardiovascular, or respiratory disease.ConclusionsIn this large prospective cohort study of Korean adults, lower dietary calcium intake was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality.