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101.
母体钙代谢与补钙对妊娠的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
妊娠期缺钙严重影响母婴的安全健康 ,其原因是由于妊娠期母体钙代谢发生变化 ,使母体血清游离钙离子浓度降低 ,血清铅浓度增高。有关研究表明 ,母体缺钙导致血铅竞争性过高 ,使胎儿身长、体重均小于胎龄儿 ,胎儿宫内发育迟缓的发生率增高 ,甚至发生早产、死胎等。同时发现血清钙离子可能对内源性一氧化氮合成释放起调节作用 ,而内皮素是最强的缩血管物质之一 ,母体补钙可调节一氧化氮与内皮素的平衡 ,从而降低妊高征的发生率。因此孕期补充钙剂是非常重要的。 相似文献
102.
Friedrich Manz Hermann Kalhoff Thomas Remer 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1997,11(2):231-243
In early infancy, complex disorders of acid base metabolism are more frequent than in any other age group, with a predisposition
to metabolic acidosis due to an age-related low renal capacity for acid excretion and an unphysiologically high actual renal
acid load in nutrition with common formulas. Recently in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants, persistent maximum
renal net acid excretion (NAE) with subnormal or normal blood acid base status, impaired weight gain, and adaptive hormonal
reactions have been observed. Incipient late metabolic acidosis is one example of a mixed disorder of acid base metabolism
with maximum renal NAE in early infancy. Alkali therapy is highly effective and can be realized both on an individual basis,
using urine pH screening as a diagnostic criterium for maximum renal acid stimulation, or on a general preventive level using
modified standard formula with a reduced actual renal NAE similar to that seen on alimentation with human milk. From an integrated
point of view, the low glomerular filtration rate and renal capacity for acid excretion beyond the developmental age of more
than 44 weeks, may well be interpreted as the result of a specific adaptation to breast feeding sparing energy, and thus an
evolutionary advantage for the survival of mother and child.
Received July 10, 1996; received in revised form and accepted October 7, 1996 相似文献
103.
实验性视网膜脱离Na十-K+-转运ATP酶活性及RPE超微结构改变 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
目的:探讨实验性视网膜脱离(retinal detachment,RD)后视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)对视网膜下液(subretinal fluid,SRF)的输导功能。
方法:将制作成功的实验性单眼RD 28只家兔随机分为4组,每组7只,每只兔的另眼作为对照。分别取RD部位的RPE-脉络膜组织和对照眼相应部位的组织匀浆,再测定ATP水解产物无机磷含量,以判断ATP酶活性;并作实验和对照眼的两种组织相应部位的RP正电镜观察。
结果:实验眼Na十-K+-转运ATP酶活性为(2.16士1.26)/μmol(mg·h),对照眼为(4.84±1.59)μmol/(mg·h),二者差异显著(t=5.52,P<0.01);酶活性降低程度随病程延长而减轻(p<0.05)。电镜观察实验眼RD后第2至4周有自脉络膜向视网膜方向的吞饮泡,且随病程延长而增多。
结论;RD发生后RPE的外向输导功能增强,随病程进展,此功能减弱而内向输导功能产生。
(中华眼底病杂志,1997,13:83-85) 相似文献
104.
A. A. Pal'tsyn O. A. Zakharova R. I. Kaem A. K. Badikova N. V. Chervonskaya 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1991,111(2):243-246
Department of Pathological Anatomy, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 199–201, February, 1991. 相似文献
105.
Cleide G. da Silva Ana Rúbia F. Bueno Patrícia F. Schuck Guilhian Leipnitz Csar A. J. Ribeiro Clvis M. D. Wannmacher Angela T. S. Wyse Moacir Wajner 《International journal of developmental neuroscience》2003,21(4):217-224
L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (LGA) is the biochemical hallmark of patients affected by the neurometabolic disorder known as L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (LHGA). Although this disorder is predominantly characterized by severe neurological findings and pronounced cerebellum atrophy, the neurotoxic mechanisms of brain injury are virtually unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of LGA, at 0.25-5mM concentrations, on total creatine kinase (tCK) activity from cerebellum, cerebral cortex, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle homogenates of 30-day-old Wistar rats. CK activity was measured also in the cytosolic (Cy-CK) and mitochondrial (Mi-CK) fractions from cerebellum. We verified that tCK activity was significantly inhibited by LGA in the cerebellum, but not in cerebral cortex, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CK activity from the mitochondrial fraction was inhibited by LGA, whereas that from the cytosolic fraction of cerebellum was not affected by the acid. Kinetic studies revealed that the inhibitory effect of LGA on Mi-CK was non-competitive in relation to phosphocreatine. Finally, we verified that the inhibitory effect of LGA on tCK was fully prevented by pre-incubation of the homogenates with reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting that this inhibition is possibly mediated by oxidation of essential thiol groups of the enzyme. Considering the importance of creatine kinase activity for energy homeostasis, our results suggest that the selective inhibition of this enzyme activity by increased levels of LGA could be possibly related to the cerebellar degeneration characteristically found in patients affected by L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. 相似文献
106.
将32例肝脏外科疾病患者随机分为Ⅰ组(单能源TPN组10例);Ⅱ组(双能源TPN组11例,其中脂肪乳剂用量为1g·kg-1·d-1);Ⅲ组(双能,TPN组11例,其中脂肪乳剂用量为2g·kg-1·d-1)。术后按组别给予TPN支持共6天,术前1天、术后第1和第6天测定肝功,糖代谢及蛋白质合成代谢指标。结果:①Ⅱ、Ⅲ组术后第6天肝脏酶学指标明显下降(P<0.05),而Ⅰ组仍高于术前水平(P<O.05);②Ⅱ、Ⅲ组术后糖代谢基本恢复正常,而Ⅰ组出现高血糖症及高胰岛素血症(P<0.05);③Ⅱ组肝脏蛋白质合成水平恢复术前水平或略有提高(P<0.05),而Ⅰ和Ⅲ组术后蛋白质合成功能仍低(P<0.05)。结果提示:含脂肪乳剂的TPN支持对肝脏外科患者术后的肝功恢复有益,能促进蛋白质合成及肝细胞再生,并且在进行TPN支持时按1g·kg-1·d-1给予脂肪乳剂较为安全合理。 相似文献
107.
NPN日粮中添加益生素对绵羊生长性能及消化代谢的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选用40只5月龄的杂交绵羊(萨福克×小尾寒羊),随机分为两组,研究了非蛋白氮日粮中添加益生素对绵羊生长性能及消化代谢的影响。对照组饲喂C日粮(2%包被尿素)、试验组饲喂D日粮(2%包被尿素 0.2%益生素)。结果表明:(1)D日粮总增重和日增重要大于C日粮,有增加的趋势;但差异不显著;(2)D日粮能显著提高绵羊的沉积氮和降低尿氮的排出(P<0.05)。两组进食干物质、进食氮、粪氮、可消化氮之间差异不显著(P>0.05);D日粮可以提高沉积氮和可消化氮、沉积氮和进食氮的比例,降低尿氮与进食氮的比例;(3)D日粮可以显著提高绵羊的干物质、ADF的消化率以及酸不容灰分的利用率(P<0.05)。氮表观消化率和NDF消化率差异不显著。本试验结果表明,绵羊非蛋白氮中日粮添加0.2%益生素可以提高绵羊对非蛋白氮的利用率。 相似文献
108.
Emine Sözeri Dietrich Feist Hans Ruder Karl Schärer 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1997,11(3):307-311
Renal lesions have repeatedly been described in Wilson’s disease (WD). We investigated the excretion of total protein, albumin,
low (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) proteins, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and calcium, as well as creatinine clearance, in 24-h urine samples of 41 patients with WD aged 6 – 37
(mean 17) years who had been treated for a period of 0 – 15 (mean 4.5) years with D-penicillamine (900 mg/day). The amount of all protein excreted was significantly increased compared with controls, 39% of
patients presenting with total proteinuria more than two standard deviations from the mean of controls. The changes in protein
excretion depended on the duration of treatment. LMW proteinuria was elevated almost exclusively in the first 2 years after
the start of treatment, indicating early tubular damage. This is supported by an initially high excretion of β2-microglobulin, NAG, and calcium. Increased excretion of HMW proteins, including albumin, persisted over longer periods, which
suggests glomerular injury in some patients, possibly related to the use of D-penicillamine. Creatinine clearance remained roughly within normal limits. We propose that renal function should regularly
be checked in patients with WD.
Received October 26, 1995; received in revised form August 27, 1996; accepted September 20, 1996 相似文献
109.
110.
Roelf Valkema MD Berthe L. F. van Eck-Smit MD Ernst E. van der Wall MD 《Journal of nuclear cardiology》1994,1(6):546-560
Noninvasive techniques for the assessment of cardiac metabolism are important for the detection of potentially salvageable
tissue in jeopardized areas of the myocardium. The correct identification of hibernating and stunned myocardium in patients
with severely depressed cardiac function can have vital therapeutic consequences for the patient. Changes in myocardial fatty
acid and glucose metabolism during acute and prolonged ischemia can be traced by positron-emitting or gamma-emitting radiopharmaceuticals.
Alternatively,31P-labeled magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used for the assessment of high-energy phosphate metabolism. It is not yet
clear which modality will emerge as the most useful in the clinical setting. Positron emission tomography (PET) that uses
combinations of flow tracers and metabolic tracers offers unique opportunities for quantification and high-resolution static
and rapid dynamic studies. Currently, assessment of glucose metabolism with18F-fluorodeoxyglucose is regarded as the gold standard for myocardial viability and prediction of improvement of impaired contractile
function after revascularization. However, preserved oxidative metabolism may be required for potential functional improvement,
and therefore assessment of residual oxidative metabolism by11C-labeled acetate PET may prove to be more accurate than18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, which reflects both anaerobic and oxidative metabolism. Moreover, because fatty acids are metabolized
only aerobically, they are excellent candidates for the clinical assessment of myocardial viability and prediction of functional
improvement after revascularization. Especially derivatives of fatty acids that are not metabolized but accumulate in the
myocyte are attractive for myocardial imaging. Examples are123I-beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid and 15-(o-123I-phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid. These tracers can be detected by planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography,
which are more economical and widely available than PET. In addition, 511 keV collimators have been developed recently, making
the detection of positron emitters by planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography feasible. The experience
with31P-labeled magnetic resonance spectroscopy in humans is still limited. With current magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques,
insufficient spatial resolution is achieved for clinical purposes, but the possibility of serial measurements to monitor rapid
changes of phosphate-containing molecules in time makes magnetic resonance spectroscopy very valuable for the research of
myocardial metabolism. 相似文献