Survey on changes in subjective symptoms,onset/trigger factors,allergic diseases,and chemical exposures in the past decade of Japanese patients with multiple chemical sensitivity

Background

Recently, with rapid changes in the Japanese lifestyle, the clinical condition of patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) may also have undergone change. Thus, we conducted a new survey for subjective symptoms, ongoing chemical exposures, the prevalence of allergic diseases, and presumed onset/trigger factors in patients with MCS and compared results with those of an old survey from ten years ago.

氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗继发性BPPV老年患者残余头晕症状的疗效观察

目的 探讨氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片对继发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕（bnign proxysmal psitional vrtigo,BPPV）老年患者残余头晕症状的影响。方法 收集2014年1月—2016年9月嘉兴市第一医院神经内科治疗的84例继发性BPPV老年患者（年龄>65周岁）的临床资料,分为氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗组（n=42）和常规治疗组（n=42）。比较2组残余头晕的持续时间及治疗前,治疗后第3天、第1周、第2周的眩晕障碍量表（Dizziness Handicap Inventory,DHI）分数。结果 和常规治疗组相比,氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗组残余头晕症状持续时间明显较短（P=0.002）。复位成功后,与常规治疗组相比,氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片组治疗后第1周和第2周的DHI分数明显降低（P分别为0.040和0.030）。结论 氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗继发性BPPV,可使残余头晕的持续时间明显缩短,治疗1周和2周后DHI评分降低。     

脑卒中吞咽障碍患者嗓音功能及心理状态研究

目的 比较吞咽障碍与吞咽正常的脑卒中患者嗓音功能及心理状态,为制订针对性康复策略提供参考。 方法 便利选取337例脑卒中患者,通过洼田饮水试验和标准吞咽功能评估分为吞咽障碍组122例与吞咽正常组215例。采用嗓音障碍指数量表、GRBAS法、Praat声学软件进行主、客观嗓音功能评估,采用医院焦虑抑郁量表评估心理状态。 结果 与吞咽正常组比较,吞咽障碍组GRBAS法中的总嘶哑度、粗糙度、气息度、无力度评分及嗓音障碍指数量表评分、客观声学指标差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;吞咽障碍组与吞咽正常组焦虑、抑郁评分比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。 结论 脑卒中吞咽障碍患者嗓音功能受损及焦虑抑郁情绪显著高于吞咽正常患者,需开展吞咽-嗓音-心理联合康复。     

Validity of the multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form in an African-American community-based sample

Objectives. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) in a community-based sample of African-Americans.

Design. A sample of 340 African-Americans (116 men, 224 women) ranging in age from 18–81 years were recruited from the community (e.g., churches, health fairs, and beauty salons). Participants completed a brief demographic survey, the MFSI-SF and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.

Results. The structural validity of the MFSI-SF for a community-based sample of African-Americans was not supported. The five dimensions of fatigue (General, Emotional, Physical, Mental, Vigor) found for Whites in prior research were not found for African-Americans in this study. Instead, fatigue, while multidimensional for African-Americans, was best represented by a unique four-four profile in which general and emotional fatigue are collapsed into a single dimension and physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and vigor are relatively distinct. Hence, in the absence of modifications, the MFSI-SF cannot be considered to be structurally invariant across ethnic groups. A modified four-factor version of the MFSI-SF exhibited excellent internal consistency reliability and evidence supports its convergent validity. Using the modified four-factor version, gender, and age were not meaningfully associated with MFSI-SF scores.

Conclusion. Future research should further examine whether modifications to the MFSI-SF would, as the findings suggest, improve its validity as a measure of multidimensional fatigue in African-Americans.     

蚌埠市部分青少年健康危险行为现况调查

目的了解蚌埠市青少年危险行为现状及其影响因素,为针对性地进行干预和教育提供科学依据。方法针对青少年打架、吸烟、喝酒、性行为和网吧上网等5种危险行为,抽取蚌埠市初三至高三学生9 275人,采取问卷调查并分析结果。结果青少年危险行为的比例在2.6%（性行为）至40.8%（上网）之间。男生与女生之间打架行为的比例分别为22.9%和3.5%,吸烟14.7%和1.8%,喝酒41.0%和21.2%,性行为4.1%和1.0%,网吧上网53.7%和27.2%,其差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。初中与高中年级的学生打架分别为22.9%和12.4%,喝酒22.7%和32.3%,性行为1.2%和2.7%,网吧上网29.0%和42.2%,经卡方检验存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）。重点中学与非重点中学的学生打架比例分别为12.5%和14.5%,吸烟5.9%和11.1%,喝酒29.7%和33.1%,网吧上网38.0%和43.8%,它们之间的差异也具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。家长一年内体罚频次增加,子女发生危险行为的比例亦增高。结论男性学生的家长要加强孩子的思想教育,非重点中学应加大学生管理水平。     

成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的人格特征分析

目的　调查成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的人格特征及生活质量,了解该患病群体的心理健康情况。方法　采用明尼苏达多项人格测量表（Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory,MMPI）和简明健康状况调查表（the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36）分别对98例成人OSAHS患者及100例单纯鼾症志愿者进行问卷调查,评价OSAHS患者的人格特征及生活质量情况并进行对照性研究。结果　在MMPI调查中,OSAHS患者在抑郁、疑病、精神衰弱、情绪不稳定、精神分裂临床量表T分高于单纯鼾症组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其中OSAHS组中女性患者的抑郁、疑病、精神衰弱、情绪不稳定、精神分裂、社会内向临床量表T分高于男性患者,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。在SF-36调查中,OSAHS患者在生理职能、一般健康状况、躯体疼痛、精力、社会功能、情感功能、精神健康7个维度的平均评分低于单纯鼾症组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论  OSAHS患者有较多的心理健康问题,表现更多的易疲劳、注意缺陷,生活质量更低,OSAHS病情越重,心理健康问题越大,女性患者尤重。     

Exposure to ambient black carbon derived from a unique inventory and high-resolution model

Black carbon (BC) is increasingly recognized as a significant air pollutant with harmful effects on human health, either in its own right or as a carrier of other chemicals. The adverse impact is of particular concern in those developing regions with high emissions and a growing population density. The results of recent studies indicate that BC emissions could be underestimated by a factor of 2–3 and this is particularly true for the hot-spot Asian region. Here we present a unique inventory at 10-km resolution based on a recently published global fuel consumption data product and updated emission factor measurements. The unique inventory is coupled to an Asia-nested (∼50 km) atmospheric model and used to calculate the global population exposure to BC with fully quantified uncertainty. Evaluating the modeled surface BC concentrations against observations reveals great improvement. The bias is reduced from −88% to −35% in Asia when the unique inventory and higher-resolution model replace a previous inventory combined with a coarse-resolution model. The bias can be further reduced to −12% by downscaling to 10 km using emission as a proxy. Our estimated global population-weighted BC exposure concentration constrained by observations is 2.14 μg⋅m⁻³; 130% higher than that obtained using less detailed inventories and low-resolution models.Black carbon (BC), or soot, emitted from incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels is an air pollutant which also plays an important role in climate change (1). BC is an indicator of air particulate pollution and BC in ambient air has an impact on human health (2). In a recent study in China, it was found that the effects of BC on morbidity appear to be more robust than the effects of fine particles in general (3, 4).However, global atmospheric aerosol models often underestimate the concentration of BC at the surface, particularly over Asia, by a factor that typically ranges from 2 to 10 (5–7). In one study, the observed BC surface concentration for China could only be reproduced by doubling the emissions prescribed to a transport model (8). It is often argued that the underestimation is due to a low bias in BC emission inventories, suggesting a need to revisit these previous inventories (9).In a bottom-up approach, BC emission is estimated based on the amount of fuel consumed and an emission factor (EF_BC, defined as the amount of BC emitted per unit mass of fuel consumed) for each of various combustion sources. For previous inventories, the lack of EF_BC measurements in developing countries led to high uncertainty in estimating the total emissions (10). In addition, the use of fuel data at the national level is likely to distort the geographical distribution of emissions within large countries such as China and India (11). Recently, a 0.1° × 0.1° fuel database with 64 types of combustion has been developed based on local or national fuel consumption statistics. This database improves the resolution of the spatial distribution of emissions for large countries (12). To fill the data gap in developing countries, a set of EF_BC values has been compiled for various residential solid fuel combustion devices and vehicles (13–20). In addition to the problems with the emission inventories, the coarse resolution of existing global aerosol models also hinders our ability to capture detailed spatial variation, leading to poor agreement between model prediction and observations (7).In this study we develop and evaluate a unique global BC emission inventory using a zoomed aerosol model, and estimate the global population’s exposure to BC with a focus on Asia. The influence of model resolution and the use of an updated emission inventory on the calculated BC concentration are evaluated against field observations.