H3, An Acidic Polysaccharide from Cuscuta chinensis

H3, a homogeneous acidic polysaccharide was obtained from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensisLam. Its structure was characterized for the first time by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be a highly branchedheteropolysaccharide with mean molecular weight of more than lxl0^6. It was composed of 1,6-1inked-β-D Galp, 1,4-linked-β-D Galp, 1,4-1inked-β-D GalA, 1,3,6-1inked-β-D Galp and 1,2,4-1inked Rhap, with branching points at O-2or 0-4 of 1,2,4-1inked Rhap and 0-3 of 1,3,6-1inked-β-D Galp. Its side chains included 1-1inked Araf, 1,5-1inked Arafand 1,3,5-1inked Araf at O-3 of 1,6-1inked Galp in the main chain.     

Flavonoids from Cressa cretica

The aerial parts of Cressa cretica L. yielded five flavonoids that were identified as quercetin (1), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (2), kampferol-3-O-glucoside (3), kampferol-3-O-rhamnoglucoside (4), and rutin (5). All of the isolated flavonoids were identified by spectroscopic methods (UV, FAB-MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR) and in comparison with literature data. The isolated flavonoids, except quercetin, are reported here for the first time from Cressa cretica L.     

Ether-soluble resin glycosides from the roots of Ipomoea batatas

Two new resin glycosides, batataosides I (1) and II (2), and five known compounds, friedelin (3), scopoletin (4), octadecyl caffeate (5), β-sistosterol (6) and daucosterol (7), were isolated from the roots of Ipomoea batatas. Their structures have been determined based on the chemical and spectral data. Batataosides I and II have novel structures because the core simonic acid B was esterised with cinnamic acid for the first time, and three different substituent esterification groups in one resin glycoside is scarce. The absolute configuration of the aglycone was elucidated to be S by Mosher's method.     

巴西甘薯叶成分研究

目的研究巴西甘薯叶的化学成分。方法巴西甘薯叶乙醇提取物经石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取后,醋酸乙酯萃取部位用硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等方法,分得8个化合物,经理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。结果从巴西甘薯叶中分离鉴定了8个化合物,被鉴定为①银椴苷;②紫云英苷;③鼠李柠檬素;④鼠李素;⑤山柰酚;⑥咖啡酸十八烷酯;⑦槲皮素-3-O-β-D葡萄糖;⑧2,4-二羟基苯丙烯酸。结论化合物⑥~⑧为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

菟丝子多糖H3的研究(英文)

首次从中药菟丝子 (Cuscuta chinedsis Lam.) 中得到一均一酸性多糖H3,并采用化学及光谱方法对其结构特征进行了研究。结果表明该多糖为一多分枝的复杂多糖,由1,6-linked- β -D Galp, 1,4-linked-β-D Galp, 1,4-linked-β-D GalA, 1,3, 6-linked-β-D Galp 及1,2,4-linked Rhap 组成,分枝点位于1,2,4-linked Rhap 的O-2 或 O-4以及1,3,6-linked-β-D Galp 的O-3位,并以1-linked Galp 为末端。侧链由1-linked Araf, 1,5-linked Araf 和 1,3,5-linked Araf 构成,并连接于主链的1,6-linked Galp 的O-3位。     

Dermal wound healing potency of single alkaloid (betaine) versus standardized crude alkaloid enriched-ointment of Evolvulus alsinoides

Context: Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. (Convolvulaceae), well known as shankhpushpi in Ayurvedic text, is traditionally used for several healing purposes.

Objective: A comparative evaluation of dermal wound healing potential of acidic and basic alkaloid enriched-ointment (AAO and BAO) of aerial parts of E. alsinoides versus pure alkaloid, betaine (BEO), was undertaken.

Material and methods: The effect of topical application (50?mg/animal/day) of AAO-1%, AAO-2%, BAO-1%, BAO-2%, BEO-0.5% and BEO-1% was assessed through excision (14 days) and incision (10 days) models on rats. The percentage wound contraction, total protein content, and breaking strengths were determined followed by histopathological studies.

Results and discussion: The total alkaloid in acidic and basic alkaloid enriched fractions was found to be 0.1114 and 0.1134?μg/mL, respectively. Thus, 0.1528, 0.3056, 0.1380 and 0.2459?μg of total alkaloid were estimated to be present in AAO-1%, AAO-2%, BAO-1% and BAO-2%, respectively. AAO and BAO promoted wound healing activity significantly in both the models. Higher rate of wound contraction (p?<?0.001) with significant increase in protein content in the treatment groups (from 2.32 to 2.55) demonstrated stimulation of cellular proliferation and epithelization, which was further supported by histopathological reports. High skin breaking strength (mean value 393 in control was increased to the range of 535–572 in treated groups) proved a significant (p?<?0.001) wound healing potential of E. alsinoides. Early dermal and epidermal regeneration in drug-treated groups also confirmed the positive effect.

Conclusion: Observation of higher healing power of alkaloid enriched-ointment compared with single alkaloid ointment corroborated the synergy mechanism.     

The Operculina macrocarpa (l.) urb. (jalapa) tincture modulates human blood platelet aggregation

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Operculina macrocarpa is an ornamental climbing plant of the Northeastern Brazil extensively used in traditional medicine as depurative of the blood and for the treatment of thrombosis. To investigate the antiplatelet and anticoagulant potential of Operculina macrocarpa and to determine the possible mechanisms of action.

Material and methods

The Operculina macrocarpa tincture (OMT) was characterized by the polyphenol content and chromatographic profile established by HPLC with detection and quantification of three phenol acids (caffeic, clorogenic and gallic acids). The human platelet aggregation was induced in vitro by the agonists ADP, collagen, thrombin, epinephrine or arachidonic acid, and the antiplatelet effect of OMT was evaluated in the presence or absence of aspirin (a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase), pentoxifylline (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor), ticlopidine (a P2Y₁₂ purinoceptor antagonist) or ODQ (a selective inhibitor of guanilate cyclase). The effect of OMT on the partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and bleeding time were investigated on human or rat plasma.

Results

The strongest antiplatelet effect of OMT (50–400 µg/mL) was observed on the ADP- induced aggregation with inhibitions up to 55%, while among others agonists (epinephrine, collagen, thrombin and arachidonic acid) maximal inhibitions reached by OMT (200 µg/mL) were on platelet aggregation induced by collagen (18%) or epinephrine (20%). The antiplatelet effect of OMT (400 µg/mL) was comparable to aspirin, a nonspecific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. The ticlopidine and pentoxifylline increased 5.1 and 3.8 fold the inhibitory effect of OMT on ADP-induced platelet aggregation, respectively. On the other hand, l-arginine, ODQ and aspirin showed a slightly or no effect on antiplatelet effect of OMT. The bleeding time in rats was significantly increased by OMT, but the tincture did not interfere on the activated partial thromboplastin or prothrombin time in human plasma.

Conclusions

This study showed that the tincture of Operculina macrocarpa has antiplatelet effect that cannot be attributed to a single biochemical mechanism and at least part of it cannot be related to the OMT inhibition of P2Y₁₂ purinergic receptors.     

甘薯的化学成分

目的：对甘薯（lpomoea batatas）的化学成分进行研究。方法：运用多种层析方法进行分离纯化，通过渡谱和化学方法确定化合物的结构。结果：分离鉴定了5个化合物，即乙酰-β-香树醇（1）、表木栓醇（2）、咖啡酸乙酯（3）、咖啡酸（4）、simonin Ⅳ（5）。结论：5个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到，其中simonin Ⅳ（5）为首次从甘薯中分离得到的树脂糖苷类化合物。     

Stereochemistry of Consabatine from Convolvulus sabatius Viv. (Convolvulaceae)

The stereochemistry of consabatine, which was isolated from the roots of Convolvulus sabatius Viv. as a novel natural compound, has now been determined by the synthesis of its Mosher esters. Consabatine was found to be 1′R-configurated.