多功能充气式介入术后上肢垫的设计与应用

经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影(CAG)术后使用弹力绷带进行加压止血,患者手腕经常出现肿胀、疼痛、麻木等症状,而使用上肢垫抬高肢体有利于促进静脉回流,减轻症状,但是,临床以往使用的上肢垫存在种种弊端,无法满足使用需求。该研究设计了一种多功能充气式介入术后上肢垫,用于经桡动脉行CAG术后抬高、制动、冷敷术肢,可以缓解术肢肿胀、疼痛,减少皮下出血,提高患者的舒适度。     

Rapid rise in plasma glucagon induced by acute cold exposure in man and rat

The effect of acute cold exposure on the concentration of glucagon in the blood was investigated in man and in intact and adrenalectomized rats.In man fasted overnight acute cold exposure, which caused a twofold increase in O₂-consumption resulted in a rapid rise in plasma glucagon. The levels of insulin and blood glucose remained unaltered, while the concentration of serum free fatty acids and -hydroxybutyrate increased.In fasted intact rats acute cold exposure lead to similar effects. A close parallelism between the rise in plasma glucagon and the concentration of hepatic cycloAMP was observed. Adrenalectomy did not impair the cold induced rise in plasma glucagon and hepatic cycloAMP.It is concluded that acute cold exposure caused a rapid rise in the concentration of plasma glucagon leading to an increase in the concentration of hepatic cycloAMP, thus enhancing the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. As these alterations were similar in the absence of glucocorticoids and medulla-derived catecholamines, it is suggested that glucagon may play a role in the metabolic adaptation to acute cold exposure.     

Adaptations in skeletal muscle capillarity following changes in oxygen supply and changes in oxygen demands

Summary The effects of changes in oxygen supply and oxygen demands on fiber cross-sectional areas, capillary dersities and capillary to fiber ratios were determined in three skeletal muscles of rat. The muscles examined were the vastus lateralis, soleus, and diaphragm. Reduced oxygen supply was produced by subjecting rats to ambient hypoxia, and increased oxygen demands were produced by subjecting rats to low ambient temperatures or treatment with thyroxin. Capillaries were visualized by injecting fluorescent dyes into the circulation. Muscles were quick frozen at resting lengths to preserve normal fiber geometry and were subsequently sectioned on a cryostat. All of the muscles sampled from animals in the experimental groups had elevated capillary densities. However, capillary to fiber ratios were not increased significantly in any muscle, for any experimental condition. Thus, all of the observed differences in capillarity were due to changes in the intrinsic rate of muscle fiber growth. Further, the relations of capillary density and capillary to fiber ratio to fiber area were the same as those obtained during normal maturation, suggesting that capillary growth is closely linked to the intrinsic rate of fiber growth.     

伤寒史学研究成果简述

建国以来有关伤寒史学的研究成果表现在相关人物、相关著作、相关事件、学术关系及阶段特征五个方面。前期研究成果 ,尚不足以充分展示伤寒学历史地位和现实意义 ,更无充分依据昭示其未来之发展方向 ,因而有必要继续深入开展伤寒史学研究     

脑转移瘤的X-刀立体定向放射治疗

目的 对比分析Ｘ－刀立体定向放射治疗（ＳＲＴ）联合全脑放疗与单纯ＳＲＴ对脑转移疗效及影响因素。方法 脑转移瘤患者６９例行ＳＲＴ加全及放疗３２例,单纯ＳＲＴ３７例,ＳＲＴ等中心剂量１４～２２Ｇｙ,全脑放疗３０～４０Ｇｙ／３．５～４．３ｗｋ。民单纯ＳＲＴ组比较,ＳＲＴ加全脑放辣其局部复发率低（３％ｖｓ３５％,Ｐ〈０．０５）和中位复发时间和９１０．５ｍｏ ｖｓ ４ｍｏ Ｐ〈０．０５）,但局部控制率（９４     

颅内疾病X-刀立体定向放射神经外科治疗510例

目的 分析Ｘ－刀立体定向放射神经外科治疗颅内疾病的疗效,方法 用ＣＴ薄层连扫描图像定位,采用ＢＲＷ立体定向坐标系统,ＲａｄｉｏｎｉｃｓＲＳＡ－３型Ｘ－刀治疗计划系统,ＰｈｉｌｉｐｓＳＬ－７５－１４医用电子直线加速器,对５１０例颅内疾病患实施Ｘ－刀治疗。结果 平均随访时间为１５（３￣３６）ｍｏ,其中多数病例在治疗后１￣６ｍｏ出现明显的症状改善和影像学检查显示病灶缩小或消失等改变。结论合理选择适应症     

颅内病变X-刀治疗效果的CT观察

目的观察颅内病变X-刀治疗后的CT表现,评价疗效.方法51例55个颅内病变X-刀治疗后,直接增强CT扫描.结果病灶消失11例(15个病灶),病灶缩小29例,病灶失增强6例,病灶无变化5例.结论颅内病变X-刀治疗后CT表现能直接反映治疗效果.     

冷损伤血管NO合成酶活力的变化及其生物学意义

目的 观察不同程度冷损伤血管ＮＯ合成酶（ＮＯＳ）活力的变化,并研究超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和ＶｉｔＣ对这各变化影响。方法分离Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠主动脉,并在ＰＢＳ培育培养１小时,然后使其暴露于－２０℃环境。以全自动生化分析仪测定血管培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活力,以Ｇｒｉｅｓｓ化学法观测血管ＮＯＳ活力,以肾上腺肾自氧化法血管ＳＯＤ活力。结果 当血管暴露于－２０℃环境１、２、４分钟后,血管２液中ＬＤＨ     

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery of the Glomus Jugulare Tumour – Early Multicentre Experience

Leksell Gamma Knife was used to treat 66 patients with glomus jugulare tumour at 6 European sites between 1992-1998. The age of the patients ranged between 18-80 years (median 54 years). Gamma Knife radiosurgery was a primary treatment in 30 patients (45. 5%). Open surgery preceded radiosurgery in 24 patients (36.4%), embolisation in 14 patients (21.2%) and fractionated radiotherapy in 5 patients (7.6%). The volume of the tumour ranged 0.5-27 cm(3) (median 5,7 cm(3)). The minimal dose to the tumour margin ranged between 10-30 Gy (median 16.5 Gy). After radiosurgery 52 patients were followed, the follow up period was 3-70 months (median 24 months). Neurological deficit improved in 15 patients (29%) and deteriorated in 3 patients (5,8%), one transient and two persistant. Neuroradiological follow up using MRI or CT was performed in 47 patients 4-70 months (median 24 months) after radiosurgery. Tumour size decreased in 19 patients (40%) while in the remaining 28 patients (60%) no change in the tumour volume was observed. None of the tumours increased in volume during the observation period. Control angiography was performed in 6 patients. Pathological vascularisation completely disappeared in one patient, reduced in two and there was no change in the remaining three. Radiosurgery proves to be a safe treatment for glomus jugulare tumour with no mortality and no acute morbidity. Because of its naturally slow growth rate, up to 10 years of follow up will be necessary to establish a cure rate after radiosurgery for these lesions.     

伽玛刀的医学技术评估

伽玛刀是世界上最昂贵的医疗设备之一,我国从１９９２年开始引进。１９９５年卫生部等联合发文暂缓装备。为了规范提供方和患方的行为,以及为卫生行政部门提供决策依据,我们开展了伽玛刀的技术评估。在评估前拟定评估步骤,然后确定评估内容与方法。评估结果,国外１９９４年有５６台伽玛刀,平均每台治疗１９０例,治疗病种是：动静脉畸型病人占３２％,肿瘤病人占６５％,功能性疾病占２％。我国１３台伽玛刀到１９９５年底共治病人７０００例,前６位病种是转移瘤等,虽然比例和顺位与世界有差异,但病例分析结果完全一致。