Closed loop obstruction: Pictorial essay

Closed loop obstruction occurs when a segment of bowel is incarcerated at two contiguous points. The diagnosis is based on multiple transitional zones. The incarcerated loops appear in U or C form or present a radial layout around the location of the obstruction. It's very important to specify the type of obstruction because, in patients with simple bowel obstruction, a conservative approach is often advised. On the other hand, a closed loop obstruction immediately requires a surgical approach because of its high morbidity and the risk of death in case of a late diagnosis.     

封闭式负压引流治疗难愈性创面临床应用研究

目的:分析对比封闭式负压引流(VSD)与传统换药方法在治疗难愈性创面中的应用效果。方法:选择2012年1月至2014年6月期间烧伤整形科收治的难愈性创面患者60例,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组各30例。对照组患者应用常规清创、换药方法治疗;研究组在常规清创的基础上应用VSD治疗,比较两组创面愈合时间、创面愈合率、换药次数及住院时间。结果:研究组创面愈合时间、换药次数及住院时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05);创面愈合率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:VSD治疗难愈性创面疗效显著,可以有效减少患者的换药次数,加快创面的愈合时间,操作简便,值得临床推广。     

切开复位与闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折效果观察

目的 对比分析切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定与闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的效果。方法 选取2015年1月至2018年6月收治的78例股骨干骨折患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗,对照组给予切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗,比较手术情况、骨折愈合时间、术前及术后6个月HSS评分、术后12个月膝关节功能评价、并发症发生情况、术后12个月综合疗效。结果 观察组术中出血量(165.78±29.34)mL较对照组(451.26±30.02)mL显著减少,骨折愈合时间为(19.36±5.24)周较对照组(31.33±4.48)周显著缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组手术时间无统计学差异(P＞0.05),术前两组HSS评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05),术后两组HSS评分均显著提高,且观察组HSS评分提高更显著(P＜0.05),观察组并发症发生率为5.13%较对照组23.08%显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后12个月观察组、对照组综合疗效、膝关节功能优良率分别为94.87%vs87.18%、94.87%vs89.74%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定与闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折疗效相当,但是闭合复位可减轻对患者创伤,缩短骨折愈合时间,降低术后并发症的发生率,促进膝关节功能的恢复,值得在临床上推广。     

Narcissism,a Relational Aspect of Dissociation

ABSTRACT

Pathological narcissism is an inevitable result of trauma-generated dissociation. It is also a relational aspect of dissociation, for in dissociative psychopathology the mutuality of relationships, both interpersonal and intrapsychic, has collapsed in significant ways. Dissociation of both aggression and dependency characterizes the “closed system.” While an open system allows interaction with the outside and transformation of the individual through interactive interchange with another, a closed system precludes transformation and intersubjectivity. Grandiose, domineering self-states may be understood as procedural, somatoform, dyadic enactments. These working models of attachment are at the core of much of the narcissistic entitlement, grandiosity, domination, and self-sufficiency that are so often found in dissociative disorders and in narcissism. It is possible to have a real impact on the closed system of narcissistic psychopathology by providing a safe attachment within the therapeutic relationship, and empathizing with the expression of self-protective aggression while containing its destructiveness. As a safe attachment figure with expertise, the therapist has the opportunity to facilitate positive transformation.     

Efficacy of closed reduction for nasal fractures in children

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction and the effects of the time of intervention on young patients’ satisfaction. Patients older than 16 years and those with additional maxillofacial fractures were excluded. All patients were treated by closed reduction and external fixation. The patients and parents were asked about their satisfaction in a survey 6 months’ postoperatively. They were divided into groups according to the time of intervention, and the results. Twenty-four patients, age range 4–16 years, with isolated nasal fractures were included in the study. The mean (SD) time before intervention was 5.5 (1.8) days. The first group comprised 16 patients whose fractures were reduced between days 1 and 5 after the injury, and the second the 8 whose fractures were reduced between days 6 and 10. At 6 months 15 of the 24 were satisfied with the result, and 9 were not. In the group treated between days 1–5, 12/16 were happy with the result, and in the group treated between days 6–10, 3/8 were satisfied. Closed reduction gives good results in the treatment of nasal fractures in children. Early intervention increases the rate of satisfaction.     

游离腓骨瓣楔形截骨术在下颌骨重建中的应用

目的:探讨游离腓骨瓣同期修复下颌骨缺损过程中应用楔形截骨塑形与小型钛板分段固定的方法.方法:16例下颌骨病变患者均按改良方法制备腓骨瓣,断蒂前在所需修复下颌骨的角部及颏部的相应位置上,直接由腓骨外侧面楔形截骨塑形,精细磨削截骨面,调整至所需的弧度及角度,采用2块小型钛板在腓骨的不同骨面固定.结果:16例患者的骨瓣及骨皮瓣均存活,出院时下颌骨颏部及下颌角外形良好,咬合关系、语音功能恢复正常或基本正常.术后15例随访3～18个月,下颌骨全景片示移植骨段均一期愈合.结论:应用楔形截骨法塑形结合小型钛板分段固定重建下颌骨,可灵活调整骨瓣所需的弧度和角度,使每个骨段得到充足的血供,有利于截骨段的愈合,安全可靠,制备简便,易于操作和掌握.     

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown on ocular trauma at a tertiary eye care institute

Purpose:To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the national lockdown on the demographic and clinical profile of patients presenting with ocular trauma.Methods:In this retrospective, hospital-based, comparative analysis, patients presenting to the emergency department with ocular trauma in the following COVID-19 period (March 25, 2020 to July 31, 2020) were compared with patients in the pre-COVID-19 period (March 25, 2019 to July 31, 2019).Results:Overall, 242 patients (COVID-19 period: 71 and pre-COVID-19 period: 171) presented with ocular trauma. The mean age of the patients in COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 periods were 26.7 ± 17.3 and 34.1 ± 20.3 years, respectively (P = 0.008). A majority of patients (68.6%) in both groups were from the rural background. Home-related injuries were common in the COVID-19 period (78.8%) as compared to pre-COVID-19 period (36.4%) (P < 0.0001). Iron particles (29.5%) were the common inflicting agents in the COVID-19 period while it was plant leaves (25.5%) in the pre-COVID-19 period. The most common ocular diagnosis was open globe injury (40.8%) in the COVID-19 period and microbial keratitis (47.9%) in the pre-COVID-19 period. Surgical intervention was required in 46.4% of patients in the COVID-19 period and 32.1% of patients in the pre-COVID-19 period (P = 0.034).Conclusion:During the COVID-19 period, there was a significant decline in the number of patients presenting with ocular trauma. In this period, a majority of patients sustained ocular trauma in home-settings. About half the patients required surgical intervention which was most commonly rendered in the form of primary wound repair.     

微创多枚空心加压螺钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨微创多枚螺钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法 对2008年8月~2010年8月于广州市第一人民医院创伤骨科及粤北人民医院关节外科采用闭合复位微创空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折71例,对其随诊资料作回顾性的分析。患者包括男30例,女41例,年龄16~80岁,平均年龄62.4岁,全部为新鲜闭合性骨折。按股骨颈骨折Garden分型:Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型32例,Ⅳ型10例。随访时间14~60个月,平均31.5个月。结果 截至2012年8月,59例患者获骨性愈合,骨折平均愈合时间为5.1个月(3.6~11.3月),愈合率为83%;术后发生骨折不愈合,最终出现股骨头缺血性坏死12例(17%);髋关节功能按Harris评分:优良率84.7%;Garden Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型的骨愈合率分别为100%、95.2%、78.1%、60%;Graden复位指数A、B、C组的愈合率分别为92.9%、77.3%、42.9%。结论 应用良好的牵引闭合复位和微创多枚空心加压螺钉内固定在治疗garden Ⅲ型以内的股骨颈骨折是一种疗效理想,操作简单、固定牢靠、创伤小的优良治疗方法。     

闭合性心脏及主动脉损伤的救治策略

国内外缺乏胸部闭合性创伤对心脏及生动脉损伤的损伤机制、诊断标准．且缺乏成熟的处置原刺。因此外伤尤其伴稍胸部钝挫伤的患者,早期应通过病史特点、实验室检查及辅助检查（心肌酶学、心电圈和超声心动）进行快速识别,救治策略上尽快对患者进行分类管理．早期判断及救治时效对预后结果至美重要。现就胸部闭合性刨伤对心脏及主动脉损伤的救治策略作一综述。     

An evaluation of supracondylar humerus fractures: is there a correlation between postponing treatment and the need for open surgical intervention?

Purpose

The goal of this study was to evaluate the treatment and recovery of patients treated for Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures in order to determine if postponing treatment leads to a higher rate of open surgical treatment or complications.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted examining the medical records of children with Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures at our institution for a two-year period. The patients included in the study were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Results

After exclusions, 134 patients were included in the study, with an average age of 5.6 years. The patients were grouped according to whether their treatment was postponed (39.6 %) or immediate (60.4 %). The majority of all patients were treated using CRPP: 46 (86.8 %) of the postponed patients and 75 (92.6 %) of the immediate patients. Very few postsurgical complications occurred in the patients; there was only one (1.6 %) case of iatrogenic nerve injury in a postponed patient as well as four (3.8 %) cases of loss of carrying angle: one (2.3 %) in postponed patients and three (4.8 %) in immediate patients.

Conclusions

Postponing treatment of type III supracondylar humerus fractures in children did not lead to an increase in open surgical treatment; nor did it lead to an increase in complications.