多原发结直肠癌的临床特征和预后

目的探讨多原发结直肠癌的临床特征和预后。方法回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院2013年1月至2018年12月收治的42例多原发结直肠癌患者的临床资料,对其临床病理特征、诊治及预后进行总结。结果符合多原发结直肠癌诊断的患者42例,占同期收治的所有结直肠癌患者的1.20%(42/3499),病理类型以腺癌为主。其中,同时性多原发癌32例,年龄38~86岁,中位年龄66岁,共发现73处结直肠癌灶,多位于近端结肠、乙状结肠及直肠;共检出淋巴结527枚,阳性10枚(1.9%),淋巴结阳性患者占同时性多原发癌的37.5%(12/32);27例为双原发癌,3例为三原发癌,2例为五原发癌;1、3年总生存率分别为83.75%和74.38%。异时性多原发癌10例,年龄33~86岁,第一癌多位于直肠和乙状结肠区域,第二癌多位于升结肠区域;共检出淋巴结276枚,阳性率12.3%(34枚),1、3年总生存率分别为100.00%和66.67%。结论多原发结直肠癌在临床上不少见,其分布有一定规律。临床中应引起重视,提高早期诊断率。应早期手术治疗以提高患者的生存率。     

滋阴益肾法治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效及对患者血清IL-4、IL-6和免疫功能的影响

目的: 探讨滋阴益肾法治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的疗效及对血清IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取ITP患者84例,随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组采用口服泼尼松片治疗,观察组在对照组用药基础上给予滋阴益肾法治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₈⁺、CD₄⁺ /CD₈⁺)及免疫球蛋白水平变化情况。结果:两组治疗后中医症候积分明显降低,观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率95.24%高于对照组78.57%(P<0.05); 两组治疗后PLT计数均明显升高、PAIgG表达水平降低,观察组更明显(P<0.05); 两组治疗前IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 治疗后CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺ /CD₈⁺均升高,IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、CD₈⁺均降低(P<0.05); 观察组治疗后CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺ /CD₈⁺均高于对照组,IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、CD₈⁺均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组的血清IgA和IgG水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而血清IgM水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应情况比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论: 滋阴益肾法可显著降低ITP患者血清IL-4、IL-6等因子水平,提高患者免疫能力。     

Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for clinical assessment of vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D is responsible for multiple metabolic functions in humans. Rickets are the most common disease caused by vitamin D deficiency. It is caused by poor calcium intake resulting in poor serum-ionized calcium. The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid, sensitive, and feasible method to determine the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in blood samples for clinical assessment. In this study, gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry with trimethylsilyl derivatization (TMS-GC-MS) is the most suitable protocol for quantitative analyses of 25(OH)D3. Performance of method was evaluated and compared with liquid chromatography and immunoassay. Method validation has been carried out with plasma specimens. The limit of quantitation of TMS-GC-MS method is 1.5 ppb with good linear correlation. Furthermore, the dietary intake and nutritional status of vegetarian and non-vegetarians in Taiwan were assessed by our validated method. As a result, this vitamin D nutrition survey demonstrates that most Taiwanese people have insufficient vitamin D. Due to dietary habits; the male vegans may have the highest risk of vitamin D deficiency.     

在生物化学教学中培养医学生的科研创新能力

在教学过程中潜移默化培养医学生的科研创新能力，是实践新时代医学教育改革新理念的有益探索。生物化学是医学生的重要专业基础课程之一，探讨在生物化学教学过程中通过多种教学方法培养学生对科研的兴趣，同时，结合科研新进展，开拓学生的视野，培养学生的创新思维，提高医学生科研创新能力的思路。     

自拟温润方治疗风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病的临床观察

目的 观察自拟温润方治疗风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病的临床疗效。方法 64例风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病患者,随机分为对照组(31例)和治疗组(33例)。对照组患者给予复方甘草口服溶液治疗,治疗组患者给予温润方治疗。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗3、6 d后的中医症状评分以及临床疗效。结果 治疗3、6 d后,两组患者咳嗽、咯痰、恶风、咽痒、鼻塞、流涕、鼻干、口干咽燥症状评分均低于治疗前,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组患者治疗3 d后咳嗽、咽痒、鼻干、口干咽燥症状评分分别为(2.18±0.98)、(1.15±0.81)、(0.60±0.61)、(0.81±0.71)分,均低于对照组的(3.04±1.62)、(1.68±0.96)、(0.96±0.67)、(1.37±0.86)分,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者治疗6 d后咳嗽、咽痒、鼻干、口干咽燥症状评分分别为(0.54±0.51)、(0.42±0.48)、(0.40±0.46)、(0.47±0.51)分,均低于对照组的(1.12±0.76)、(1.11±0.98)、(0.88±0.98)、(1.01±0.92)分,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗3、6 d后咯痰、恶风、鼻塞、流涕症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3 d后,治疗组治疗总有效率90.9%高于对照组的71.0%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗6 d后,治疗组患者治疗总有效率93.9%与对照组的90.3%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病治疗中,温润方在缓解咳嗽以及部分次症方面明显优于复方甘草口服溶液,起效更快。     

Association Between Clinical Tumor Burden and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Monotherapy for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

BackgroundProgrammed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have become a standard treatment, albeit not completely effective, for patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies of advanced melanoma have revealed that the tumor burden predicted the response to PD-1 inhibitors, although this relationship has remained unclear for NSCLC.Patients and MethodsThe present single-center retrospective study evaluated 163 patients with advanced NSCLC who had received PD-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor monotherapy from December 2015 to December 2018. The clinical tumor burden was estimated using the baseline sum of the target lesions’ longest diameters (BSLDs), measured according to the Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors, and the baseline number of metastatic lesions (BNMLs).ResultsThe optimal cutoff values for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) were 5 for the BNMLs and 76 mm for the BSLDs, using the minimum P value method. The low-BNML group included 73 patients (44.8%). The median PFS was 12.2 months in the low-BNML group and 2.8 months in the high-BNML group (hazard ratio, 0.51; P = .0005). The low-BSLD group included 92 patients (56.4%). The median PFS was 9.6 months in the low-BSLD group and 3.4 months in the high-BSLD group (hazard ratio, 0.52; P = .0006). Multivariable analysis revealed that low-BSLD, low-BNML, nonsquamous histologic type and a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of ≥ 50% were independently associated with prolonged PFS.ConclusionsPD-L1 expression and the clinical tumor burden can predict the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy for NSCLC.     

钩虫病感染者免疫球蛋白水平、临床特点及胃肠镜下形态分析

目的分析钩虫病感染者血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)A、IgG、IgM和IgE水平,临床特点及胃肠镜下形态。方法分析16例钩虫病感染者的临床资料,观察患者的临床表现、Ig水平、血常规检查结果、胃肠镜检查结果及治疗结果。结果 16例患者的IgE水平明显高于正常参考上限值;IgA、IgG、IgM水平与正常参考上限值比较,差异不明显。经诊断患者的钩虫分布情况:十二指肠降部8例(50.00%),十二指肠球部5例(31.25%),回肠末端3例(18.75%),升结肠1例(6.25%),其中十二指肠及回肠末端均见钩虫者1例(6.25%)。所有患者均予阿苯达唑片驱虫治疗,治疗后1个月复查见贫血得到纠正,消化道症状得以缓解,复查胃肠镜未见虫体,均治愈。结论钩虫病感染者的IgE水平明显升高,胃肠镜检查是确诊钩虫病的重要手段,尤其是要加强对十二指肠降部的检查,并在确诊后及时给予正规治疗措施。     

新冠肺炎疫情下艾灸防治帕金森病的临床应用分析＊

帕金森病（Parkinson''s disease，PD）是仅次于阿尔茨海默病的世界第二大神经系统退行性疾病，随着老龄化社会的到来，PD患病率呈明显上升趋势。全球爆发的新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）是一种急性传染性疾病，严重威胁人们的身体健康和生命安全。PD患者大多为老年人且合并有基础疾病，体质普遍较弱，是新冠肺炎的易感人群，一旦染病则发展为重症的风险很高。中医艾灸疗法在治疗PD及防治疫病方面发挥了很好的辅助治疗效果。通督扶阳灸法联合强壮穴艾灸治疗，既可以帮助PD患者改善临床症状，延缓病情进展，又可以提高机体免疫功能，增强抗病能力而防治新冠肺炎。     

Diagnostic sensitivity of electrophysiology and ultrasonography in ulnar neuropathies of different severity

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic performance of electrophysiology and nerve ultrasound in ulnar neuropathies of varying clinical severity in 135 consecutive patients.MethodsClinical severity of ulnar neuropathy was graded on a 4 point scale from very mild (symptoms only) to severe (marked atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles). Sensitivity and localization ability of electrophysiology and nerve ultrasound were assessed for each point of the scale.ResultsUltrasound had higher sensitivity than electrophysiology in clinically very mild (20% and 3% for ultrasound and electrophysiology, respectively) and mild (62% and 47% for ultrasound and electrophysiology, respectively) neuropathies, had greater localizing ability in axonal ulnar neuropathies, and identified nerve hypermobility.Ultrasound nerve cross-sectional area had strong positive correlation with both clinical and electrophysiological severity scores, but with significant overlap across the severity groups.ConclusionThe diagnostic work-up of ulnar neuropathies was improved by using both electrophysiology and ultrasound at all levels of clinical severity. Ultrasound increased the diagnostic yield in very mild and mild neuropathies, localized all the ulnar neuropathies with abnormal non-localizing electrophysiology and identified nerve hypermobility.SignificanceThis is the first detailed analysis of the diagnostic performance of electrophysiology and ultrasound in ulnar neuropathies of varying severity.     

目标教学在手术室护理带教中的应用效果观察

目的观察目标教学在手术室护理带教中的应用效果。方法选取2018年9月—2019年6月期间,医院手术室的48名实习护士,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组各24例。对照组行传统护理带教方法,试验组行目标教学带教。对比带教后两组考核成绩及带教满意度。结果带教后,试验组职业防护意识、风险意识、无菌观念、常见小中手术配合熟练度、常见小中手术护理要点掌握、基本工作职责及流程掌握等评分与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组专科操作、操作测评及理论测评成绩与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论于手术室护理带教中应用目标教学,具有理想效果,有助于提升考核成绩及专业技能。