Chairside Diet Assessment of Caries Risk

BackgroundA dietary habit assessment should be an integral component of oral health care. The author outlines strategies that oral health care professionals can use to assess dietary habits associated with caries risk and to develop dietary recommendations.ConclusionA caries risk assessment tool can be used to identify dietary habits that may contribute to caries risk.Practical ImplicationsThe caries risk assessment tool can provide structure for evaluating patients’ dietary habits and food choices and helping oral care health professionals provide preventive dietary recommendations.     

深圳市盐田区中小学生生长发育及常见病患病情况分析

目的了解深圳市盐田区中、小学生生长发育及三种常见病的患病情况。方法根据《中国学生体质健康状况监测手册》和《学生常见病防治技术规范》的要求,对盐田区7208名中、小学生进行健康体检,并对数据进行统计分析。结果中、小学生身高、体重居于上等的比率高于下等者。三种常见病中,视力低下的患病率最高,其次是龋齿,沙眼患病率较低。结论盐田区中、小学生的生长发育情况较好,但营养不良和肥胖的问题也仍存在。视力低下和龋齿的发病情况较为严重,应加强学生视力保护和口腔卫生保健工作。     

非创伤性充填治疗技术在儿童龋病的临床评价

目的探讨和评价非创伤性充填治疗技术在儿童牙科的临床应用。方法选择4～7岁患龋儿童的147颗乳磨牙充填，半年、1年、2年复查，记录ART充填物和继发龋的情况。结果充填成功率分别为95％、83．8％、69．5％；完全脱落率分别为2．9％、5．9％、11．7％；继发龋发生率分别为O、7．4％、18．35％，95．2％的儿童能接受非创伤性充填技术治疗。结论ART治疗儿童龋病是无痛、简便，预防和控制早期龋病的有效措施。     

Dental health and access to dental care for ethnic minorities in Sweden

Objective. To describe access to dental care in a population-based sample of foreignborn Swedish residents in relation to dental health. Design. The study was based on data from the Immigrant Survey of Living Conditions in four minority study groups consisting of a total of 1,898 Swedish residents born in Poland, Chile, Turkey and Iran aged 2760. An age-matched study group of 2,477 Swedish-born residents from the Survey of Living Conditions of 1996 was added as a comparison group. The study also included 2,228 children aged 315 years in the minority households and 2,892 children in the households of the Swedish-born study group. Results. The risk of poor dental health was higher in all four minority study groups than for the Swedish-born study group after adjusting for socio-economic variables. In the adult minority study groups the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for having prostheses and problems with chewing was 6.3 (4.39.1) and 2.7 (1.84.3), respectively, for the Polish-born, 4.8 (3.37.1) and 3.2 (2.14.9) for the Chilean-born, 4.6 (3.16.9) and 4.8 (3.67.2) for the Turkish-born, and 2.7 (1.54.8) and 6.5 (4.110.3) for the Iranian-born compared with the Swedish-born. In the child study group all four minority groups had an increased risk of caries ranging from OR 1.6 (1.32.1) in the Chilean group to 2.5 (2.03.0) in the Turkish group compared with the children with Swedish-born parents. The adults in all four minority study groups more often lacked regular treatment by a dentist than Swedish-born residents. The OR for not having been treated by a dentist during the 2 years preceding the interview ranged from 1.9 (1.42.6) in the Polish-born study group to 3.0 (2.34.0) in the Chilean-born study group after adjustment for socio-economic factors and general health. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that adults in minority populations in Sweden use less dental care despite having greater needs of dental treatment than the majority population. This inequity calls for action in health policy and preventive dental health programmes.     

Rôle de l’alimentation dans la prévention des caries

Over the last three decades the condition of the teeth of children has improved tremendously. This has generally been attributed to the increased use of fluoride toothpaste. During this period the total amount of sugars disappearing into the population per capita has hardly changed. This suggests that the relationship between diet and caries has to be reassessed, which provokes different opinions among dental experts.Some suggest a maximum threshold level for the daily amount of sugars to prevent caries. Others propose that in general the amount of sugars eaten is not an important determinant of caries experience. The scientific evidence for the various opinions on the role of diet in caries development will be discussed. It is concluded that the role of diet is not so much related to the diet itself, but to the individual behaviour of people. Where oral hygiene and fluoride supplementation are adequate, the diet has become a lesser factor in caries prevention. However, those diets may cause caries when there is too little fluoride. It is a mistake to classify a diet as cariogenic it may be potentially cariogenic. When one wants to decrease this potency, one should modify those factors that are actually controlling it, which is, in most cases, the topical presence of fluoride and not the composition of the diet.     

117例龋病ART疗效观察

目的探讨非创伤性充填技术（Atraumatic Restorative Treatment，ART）治疗龋病的临床疗效。方法选取没有牙髓问题的117例（214颗患牙）患者，随机分为ART组与传统充填组，比较随访半年及1年的成功率和继发龋率。结果ART组与传统充填组随访半年及1年成功率均无差异（P〉0．05），1年继发龋率ART组较传统充填明显低（P〈0．05）。结论应用ART技术治疗龋洞是一个简便、可行、有效的方法，而且继发龋率低。     

中国东乡族、保安族、裕固族儿童口腔细菌学检测分析

目的了解东乡族、保安族、裕固族儿童龋齿的流行情况,并分析导致龋齿的细菌因素,为进一步预防及控制龋齿提供依据。方法选取3个民族的100名5岁儿童和165名12岁儿童,由口腔专业医师按照世界卫生组织的诊断标准及方法进行龋齿检查、测定唾液和牙菌斑中变异链球菌水平以及对牙菌斑的细菌学涂片进行分析。结果东乡族、保安族、裕固族儿童龋齿患病率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。5岁儿童唾液中的变异链球菌水平东乡族以2级(32.0%)和3级(56.0%)为主,裕固族以0级(60.0%)和1级(32.0%)为主,两者间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);12岁儿童唾液中的变异链球菌水平东乡族以3级为主(48.0%),保安族以2级(27.3%)和3级为主(38.2%),裕固族以0级(48.3%)和1级为主(33.3%),3组间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同一民族12岁儿童4个牙菌斑部位的变异链球菌分布及程度较一致,但东乡族儿童牙菌斑的变异链球菌水平以2级和3级为主,保安族和裕固族儿童均以0级和1级为主,不同民族间4个牙菌斑部位变异链球菌水平的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。各族5岁儿童与12岁儿童正常牙的牙菌斑细菌含量球菌和杆菌比例的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),但龋齿的牙菌斑细菌含量为球菌比例升高、杆菌比例下降,其中5岁儿童正常牙与龋齿的球菌和杆菌比例的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论东乡族、保安族、裕固族儿童的龋齿患病率较低,东乡族儿童唾液和正常牙的牙菌斑中变异链球菌数量较多,各族儿童患龋后口腔细菌中球菌和杆菌的数量发生明显变化。