多层螺旋CT定量评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)定量评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情的价值。方法选取2017年8月～2018年7月在湖州市第一人民医院就诊的73例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者作为研究对象,按照病情轻重分为Ⅰ组(轻度患者17例)、Ⅱ组(中度患者32例)、Ⅲ组(重度患者24例),并选取同期于该院体检的健康者20例为对照组。所有研究对象均行MSCT低剂量扫描,观察比较各组管腔面积(Ai)、支气管壁面积百分比(WA%)、管壁厚度与体表面积比值(T/BSA)、壁厚度与直径比值(TDR),同时予以肺功能检查,采用定量CT气道分析软件分别测量气道相关参数,并用Siemens Pulmo软件Pearson定量分析其相关性。结果对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的FEV1均呈逐渐下降趋势,FEV1/FVC呈逐渐上升趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的WA%、T/BSA、TDR比较,均呈逐渐上升趋势,Ai呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。FEV1与WA%、TDR之间呈负相关(r=-0.291,P=0.000;r=-0.473,P=0.000),FEV1/FVC与WA%、TDR之间呈正相关(r=0.285,P=0.000;r=0.472,P=0.000)。结论 MSCT扫描及定量分析可为COPD患者气道病变情况提供可靠的评估信息。     

Analysis of radiation exposure data from common radiological procedures in Dutch hospitals

IntroductionIn the Netherlands, Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) have not been based on a national survey as proposed by ICRP. Instead, local exposure data, expert judgment and the international scientific literature were used as sources. This study investigated whether the current DRLs are reasonable for Dutch radiological practice.MethodsA national project was set up, in which radiography students carried out dose measurements in hospitals supervised by medical physicists. The project ran from 2014 to 2017 and dose values were analysed for a trend over time. In the absence of such a trend, the joint yearly data sets were considered a single data set and were analysed together. In this way the national project mimicked a national survey.ResultsFor six out of eleven radiological procedures enough data was collected for further analysis. In the first step of the analysis no trend was found over time for any of these procedures. In the second step the joint analysis lead to suggestions for five new DRL values that are far below the current ones. The new DRLs are based on the 75 percentile values of the distributions of all dose data per procedure.ConclusionThe results show that the current DRLs are too high for five of the six procedures that have been analysed. For the other five procedures more data needs to be collected. Moreover, the mean weights of the patients are higher than expected. This introduces bias when these are not recorded and the mean weight is assumed to be 77 kg.Implications for practiceThe current checking of doses for compliance with the DRLs needs to be changed. Both the procedure (regarding weights) and the values of the DRLs should be updated.     

膀胱癌的~(18)F-FDG PETCT显像诊断价值研究

目的研究~(18)F-FDG PETCT显像对膀胱癌的诊断价值。方法选取我院核医学科2013年3月-2015年2月收治的34例可疑膀胱癌患者,术前分别采用增强CT和~(18)F-FDG PETCT显像进行诊断,通过参考手术病理结果回顾性分析~(18)F-FDG PETCT显像诊断的效果。结果该34例经手术病理观察均确诊为移行细胞癌,增强CT、~(18)F-FDG PETCT显像诊断准确度分别为91.18%、94.12%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术中共有11例膀胱肿瘤出现盆腔淋巴结或邻近组织转移、浸润,~(18)F-FDG PETCT显像诊断准确度为72.73%,明显高于增强CT(27.27%),具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ~(18)F-FDG PETCT显像和增强CT均是临床诊断膀胱癌的有效方法,但~(18)F-FDG PETCT显像在观察膀胱肿瘤病灶的转移和对邻近组织的浸润效果较好,对指导临床诊断和了解肿瘤病变具有重要参考价值。     

The management of emergency hospital visits for inflammatory bowel diseases: A French national expert consensus report

BackgroundManagement of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in the emergency department is often suboptimal.AimsTo develop a national consensus checklist of indicators to facilitate decision-making in emergency departments concerning hospitalisation and referral for abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT).MethodsA Delphi survey was used to obtain consensus on a checklist of clinical and biological variables. 119 healthcare professionals experienced in treating IBD were invited to participate. Panellists were provided with a literature survey and invited to agree or disagree with items on a prototype checklist. Two successive rounds of voting were organised.ResultsThe prototype checklist included fifteen clinical or laboratory indicators for hospitalisation or CT. Four indicators were not retained in the Delphi process and four additional indicators added. The final indicators retained were: abdominal signs/symptoms of disease exacerbation, intravenous morphine titration, fever, vomiting, dehydration, recent intestinal surgery, ano-perineal abscess, bowel obstruction, haemodynamic instability, anaemia, acute kidney failure and elevated C-reactive protein. Consensus for the retained indicators was >88%.ConclusionsUse of this consensus checklist for the management of IBD in the emergency department may help improve standards of care and thus reduce the burden of these diseases.     

Current status and challenges of Additive manufacturing in orthopaedics: An overview

Additive manufacturing is a rapidly emerging technology which is being successfully implemented in the various field of medicine as well as in orthopaedics, where it has applications in reducing cartilage defects and treatments of bones. The technology helps through systematic collection of information about the shape of the "defects" and precise fabrication of complex 3D constructs such as cartilage, heart valve, trachea, myocardial bone tissue and blood vessels. In this paper, a large number of the relevant research papers on the additive manufacturing and its application in medical specifically orthopaedics are identified through Scopus had been studied using Bibliometric analysis and application analysis is undertaken. The bibliometric analysis shows that there is an increasing trend in the research reports on additive manufacturing applications in the field of orthopaedics. Discussions are on using technological advancement like scanning techniques and various challenges of the orthopaedic being met by additive manufacturing technology. For patient-specific orthopaedic applications, these techniques incorporate clinical practice and use for effective planning. 3D printed models printed by this technology are accepted for orthopaedic surgery such as revision of lumbar discectomy, pelvic surgery and large scapular osteochondroma. The applications of additive manufacturing in orthopaedics will experience a rapid translation in future. An orthopaedic surgeon can convert need/idea into a reality by using computer-aided design (CAD) software, analysis software to facilitate the manufacturing. Thus, AM provides a comprehensive opportunity to manufacture orthopaedic implantable medical devices.     

肝退变结节的病理学改变及CT、MRI表现

肝细胞肝癌及胆管细胞癌均可在退变结节的基础上发展形成，因此及早、准确的诊断肝退变结节具有积极的临床意义。本文通过分析肝退变结节的CT、MRI表现及病理学改变，以期提高对肝退变结节的诊断水平。     

冠状动脉心肌桥的临床特点与治疗

目的探讨冠状动脉心肌桥的冠脉造影特点、临床意义及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析293例冠状动脉造影中检出的8例心肌桥患者的临床资料。结果共检出心肌桥8例,均位于前降支,心肌桥发生率为2.7%,心肌桥长度8～25mm,平均14.5mm。依据Nobel分级法,Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级1例。1例Ⅲ级患者同时并发冠脉粥样硬化,病变位于回旋支中段,狭窄<50%。8例患者应用β受体阻滞剂或钙拮抗剂治疗后症状均明显缓解。结论选择性冠脉造影可用于心肌桥的诊断,心肌桥可能引起心肌缺血表现,应用β受体阻滞剂或钙拮抗剂等药物治疗有效。     

Robust rigid registration of retinal angiograms through optimization

Retinal fundus photographs are employed as standard diagnostic tools in ophthalmology. Serial photographs of the flow of fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) dye are used to determine the areas of the retinal lesions. For objective measurements of features, the registration of the images is a necessity. In this paper, we employ optimization techniques for registration with the help of 2-parameter translational motion model of retinal angiograms, based on non-linear pre-processing (Wiener filtering and morphological gradient) and computation of the similarity criteria for the alignment of the two gradient images for any given rigid transformation. The optimization methods are effectively employed to minimize the similarity criterion.

The presence of noise, the variations in the background and the temporal variation of the fluorescence level pose serious problems in obtaining a robust registration of the retinal images. Moreover, local search strategies are not robust in the case of ICG angiograms, even if one uses a multiresolution approach.

The present work makes a systematic comparison of different optimization techniques, namely the minimization method derived from the optical flow formulation, the Nelder-Mead local search and the HCIAC ant colony metaheuristic, each optimizing a similarity criterion for the gradient images. The impact of the resolution and median filtering of gradient image is studied and the robustness of the approaches is tested through experimental studies, performed on macular fluorescein and ICG angiographies.

Our proposed optimization techniques have shown interesting results especially for high resolution difficult registration problems. Moreover, this approach seems promising for affine (6-parameter motion model) or elastical registrations.