腋下静脉输入法在降低多巴胺对新生儿血管皮肤损害的临床研究

目的 探讨采用腋下静脉留置输入法在降低多巴胺对新生儿血管皮肤损害的临床效果,确保医疗安全.方法 选择新生儿科需应用多巴胺治疗的新生儿100例,按人院单双月分为观察组和对照组,各50例.观察组的新生儿采用腋下静脉输入法,对照组的新生儿采用肢端静脉输入法,观察比较两种输入法治疗过程（3～5 d）中穿刺部位刺激性损害发生率、穿刺1次完成治疗过程例数和穿刺2次以上完成例数及穿刺成功后留置保留次均时间长短.结果 观察组患儿在穿刺部位周围血管皮肤刺激性损害发生率（10.00％）明显低于对照组（42.00％）,治疗过程中穿刺1次完成例数（39例）明显多于对照组（26例）,穿刺2次以上完成例数（11例）明显少于对照组（24例）；留置保留次均时间[（73.22±30.461）h]明显长于对照组[（59.01±25.972）h]；两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 新生儿应用多巴胺治疗时采用腋下静脉留置输入法,能降低多巴胺药物对血管壁的刺激引起皮肤损伤的效果明显,有效保留时间延长,确保抢救治疗用药的持续性、及时性、安全性,在临床上有其实用意义.     

Development of a predictive score of axillary lymph node dissection based on targeted axillary dissection in patients with breast cancer diagnosis,affected lymph nodes,and neoadjuvant treatment

AimTo determine predictive factors of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) results in breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), and subsequent staging using Targeted Axillary Dissection (TAD).Material and methodCase-control study between January 2016 and August 2019. Patients with BC, cN1 staging, marked with a metallic clip prior to NACT, and subsequently staged with TAD and ALND were included. They were divided into 2 groups: ALND patients with or without metastatic involvement (group 1 and group 2, respectively). We carried out a univariate analysis comparing clinical, radiological, surgical and pathological variables, and a logistic regression, (dependent variable: positive result of ALND; independent variables: number of suspicious lymph nodes in diagnostic ultrasound, positive hormone receptors, HER2 positive, complete clinical-radiological response to NACT, positive TAD, and biopsy of ≤2 nodes in TAD). A score for prediction of a metastatic ALND was proposed, with an internal validation study.Results60 patients were included: Group 1: 33 (55.0%); Group 2: 27 (45.0%). Tumor size (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95%CI 1.02–2.74), number of suspected nodes in ultrasound (OR = 2.20; 95%CI 1.01–4, 77), HER2 positive (OR 0.04; 95%CI 0.003–0.54), clinical-radiological response to NACT (OR = 0.07; 95%CI 0.01–0.75), and positive TAD (OR 15.48; 95%CI 1.68–142.78) were independent predictors of a positive result in ALND. We developed a “positive ALND predictive score”, with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test: p = 0.65), and discrimination (AUC = 0.93; 95% CI 0, 87–0.99), with highest Youden index (0.7) at cut-off point of 17% risk of positive ALND (sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 70%).ConclusionTumor size, number of suspected nodes, positive HER2, response to NACT, and metastatic TAD are independent predictors of ALND. The predictive score for positive ALND would be a good indicator to safely omit ALND.     

The impact of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z0011 trial: An institutional review

BackgroundAxillary dissection (AD) was historically recommended for all patients with breast tumor involvement discovered by sentinel lymph node biopsy (+SLNB). However, after the ACOSOG Z0011 trial, omission of AD became the recommendation for selected patients with a +SLNB. We report the impact of ACOSOG Z0011 on the completion AD rate in patients with +SLNB at our institution.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with breast cancer between March 2009 and February 2013 (n = 1781). This cohort was divided into two groups: 1) those diagnosed BEFORE Z0011 and 2) those diagnosed AFTER Z0011. We calculated both the percentage of patients with a +SNLB who underwent AD and, from those patients, the percentage who did and did not meet the Z0011 criteria.ResultsThe BEFORE group contained 849 patients; 144 had +SLNB and from those 113 underwent AD. The AFTER group contained 932 patients: 139 had +SLNB and from those 73 underwent AD. The completion AD rate in the BEFORE group was 78.5%, compared to 52.5% in the AFTER group (p < 0.001). From the patients who met the Z0011 criteria, 75.6% of the BEFORE patients underwent AD, compared to only 2.2%% in the AFTER group (p < 0.001). Among those who did not meet the Z0011 criteria, a similar percentage of patients underwent AD in each group (BEFORE 79.8%, AFTER 74.4%, p = 0.384).ConclusionFollowing the publication of the ACOSOG Z0011 trial, we experienced a significant decrease in the completion AD rate among patients with a +SLNB who met the Z0011 inclusion criteria.     

Traitement régional des cancers du sein en cas de micrométastase ganglionnaire axillaire

In patients with breast cancer, axillary lymph node micrometastasis detection has been more frequent with a better definition since the introduction of the sentinel node procedure. In this review, we focus on pN1mi micrometastasis and review the literature in order to determine factors involved in making the decision of a regional treatment.     

超声弹性成像诊断乳腺肿瘤良恶性及淋巴结转移的研究

目的 探讨超声弹性成像技术对乳腺肿瘤良恶性及淋巴结转移的诊断价值,为鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤提供新的途径.方法 对100例女性患者共123个乳腺实质性肿块及206个淋巴结进行实时组织超声弹性成像,以5分法对病灶及淋巴结软硬度进行评分,与手术病理结果对照.结果 123个乳腺肿块中,良性病变48个,恶性病变75个.206个淋巴结中,良性反应性增生159个,恶性转移性病变47个.结论 超声弹性成像对乳腺肿物良恶性鉴别诊断有较高价值,并为判断腋窝淋巴结的性质提供有价值的信息.     

99例三阴乳腺癌术后复发转移的影响因素研究

目的对三阴乳腺癌(TNBC)术后复发转移的影响因素进行研究。方法回顾性分析99例三阴乳腺癌患者的临床、病理及预后资料,分析三阴乳腺癌术后复发转移的影响因素。结果99例患者中术后发生复发转移19例,其中胸壁复发7例(其中5例为胸壁复发并远处转移)、脑转移3例、肺转移4例、骨转移3例、肝转移1例、内乳锁骨上纵隔淋巴结转移2例,其中多处转移4例。不同年龄、月经是否绝经、是否脉管转移、不同原发肿瘤大小、不同Ki-67水平、不同组织学分级、不同手术方式、有无淋巴清扫患者复发转移发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.526、0.849、3.437、3.723、0.416、4.998、0.176、2.070,P>0.05);有淋巴转移患者复发转移率为36.1%(13/36),高于无淋巴转移患者的9.5%(6/63),差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=10.442,P<0.05)。患者腋窝淋巴结转移是术后发生复发转移的危险因素;年龄、月经情况、有无脉管转移、原发肿瘤大小、Ki-67、组织学分级、手术方式、是否行腋淋巴清扫与术后发生复发转移无关。结论患者腋窝淋巴结转移是三阴乳腺癌术后复发转移的危险因素。