职业棒球运动员的优势肩关节:MRI检查

目的利用MRI明确职业棒球运动员优势肩关节的损伤情况.方法对国内某棒球队12名主力队员的优势肩关节进行了MRI普查,其中4例同时接受了MR关节造影检查.结果 10名队员(83%)的优势肩关节在MR检查中呈现不同程度的损伤,主要包括肩峰下间隙复合体的损伤、盂肱关节不稳定以及肩锁关节的损伤,而且同一肩关节经常合并出现多种损伤.结论职业棒球运动员中,其优势肩关节损伤的几率较高,应引起足够的重视.     

Osteochondritis dissecans of the patellofemoral groove in athletes: unusual cases of patellofemoral pain

Five athletes who developed osteochondritis dissecans in the patellofemoral groove in the course of sports events at high school and college league level are described. They were male athletes complaining of anterior knee pain. When examining young people engaged in violent sports, it is well to remember that they might have osteochondritis dissecans in the patellofemoral groove. Clinically, four of the five patients under discussion were characterized by tight movements of the patella in a direction parallel to its transversal axis. X-ray studies in lateral projections and CT scans provided useful tools for definitive diagnosis, but AP radiography was no help in diagnosis. Release of a tight lateral retinaculum with or without drilling on the degenerated cartilage was effective in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the patellofemoral groove in three of the four patients.     

Phalangeal fractures: displaced/nondisplaced

Nonsurgical management is the preferred treatment of stable, extra-articular fractures of the proximal and middle phalanx, most distal phalanx fractures, and, rarely, nondisplaced intraarticular fractures in elite athletes. Techniques that afford maximal strength with minimal dissection, thus allowing earlier return to play, are ideal. Open reduction with internal fixation with plate fixation is most often chosen for unstable phalangeal shaft fractures in high-demand athletes to provide rigid internal fixation and allow immediate range of motion and more rapid return to sport. It is our practice to routinely treat unicondylar fractures with surgery with percutaneous headless compression screws in elite athletes.     

30s全速踏车试验对运动员速度能力评定的研究

通过短跑和中长跑运动员在 3 0 0W负荷时进行 3 0s全速踏车试验 ,结果显示前 1 5s的踏车速度与运动员的速度能力呈正相关 ,提示 :3 0 0W负荷时进行 3 0s全速踏车试验 ,可作为评定运动员速度能力的一种简易方法     

射击、射箭运动员的焦虑特征分析

目的探讨射击、射箭运动员的焦虑特点及影响因素,为运动员的心理健康干预和人才培养提供理论依据。方法采用焦虑自评问卷(SAS)对上海市射击、射箭中心53名专业运动员进行团体测验调查,并对数据资料进行卡方检验。结果射击、射箭运动员的焦虑症状检出率为26.42%,且射击与射箭运动员的检出率有显著性差异(χ2=5.249,P0.05)。不同性别(χ2=0.014,P0.05)、训练史(χ2=2.144,P0.05)和运动水平运动员(χ2=0.457,P0.05)的焦虑症状检出率之间的差异不显著,但不同年龄运动员(χ2=6.632,P0.05)的检出率存在显著性差异。结论射击、射箭运动员的焦虑症状比较明显,年龄是影响运动员焦虑水平的一个重要因素。     

Successful endoscopic treatment of chronic groin pain in athletes

Background Chronic groin pain, especially in professional sportsmen, is a difficult clinical problem. Methods From January 1999 to August 2005, 55 professional and semiprofessional sportsmen (53 males; mean age, 25 ± 4.5 years; range, 17–36 years) with undiagnosed chronic groin pain were followed prospectively. All the patients underwent an endoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) mesh placement. Results Incipient hernia was diagnosed in the study athletes: 15 on the right side (27%), 12 on the left side (22%), and 9 bilaterally (16%). In 20 patients (36%), an inguinal hernia was found: 3 direct inguinal hernias (5%) and 17 indirect hernias (31%). All the athletes returned to their normal sports level within 3 months after the operation. Conclusions A TEP repair must be proposed to patients with prolonged groin pain unresponsive to conservative treatment. If no clear pathology is identified, reinforcement of the wall using a mesh offers good clinical results for athletes with idiopathic groin pain.     

Exercise and other indirect challenges to demonstrate asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes

The prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is reported to be high among recreational and elite athletes, yet diagnosis is often symptom-based. Indirect challenges such as the laboratory exercise challenge provide objective criteria for proper diagnosis and treatment. However, a standardized protocol using appropriate exercise intensity, duration, and dry air inhalation is often not implemented, and thus a false-negative test may result. This article reviews and describes the symptom-based diagnosis, the exercise challenge, and other indirect challenges such as eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea, hypertonic saline inhalation, and inhaled powdered mannitol as methods to diagnose and evaluate exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Advantages and disadvantages of each diagnostic procedure are presented.     

Isokinetic dynamometry applied to shoulder rotators – Velocity limitations in eccentric evaluations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate if collegiate overhead athletes, with and without shoulder pain, and non-athletes could reach a preset velocity in internal and external shoulder rotation isokinetic evaluations; and to evaluate the correlation between torque and velocity. Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional. Evaluations were performed using the isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3. Participants were assessed seated, with the arm at 90° of shoulder abduction and 90° of elbow flexion, from neutral rotation to 90° of external rotation. Five maximal contractions of isokinetic concentric and reactive eccentric internal and external rotation were performed at the velocities 90°/s, 180°/s and 240°/s. Data were processed with using MatLab. Most participants did not reach the isokinetic phase during eccentric tests at 180°/s and 240°/s, particularly in the external rotators evaluation. High correlations between torque and velocity of eccentric tests were found. The groups presented no differences in maximal velocity attained in trials which preset velocity was not reached. These results call into question the use of reactive eccentric tests at velocities higher than 180°/s for the isokinetic evaluation of shoulder external rotators in collegiate overhead athletes and non-athletes in this specific position. In such cases, careful evaluation of the velocity is recommended to determine if the isokinetic phase was reached.