中学生考试焦虑问题的综述研究

目的中学生由于必须面对中考、高考等与自身前途命运密切相关的重大考试．考试焦虑问题也就显得尤为突出。本文旨在探讨中学生考试焦虑的成因及其干预策略。方法采用综述研究法。结果本文将相关理论研究更为系统化．将其更加密切地纳入心理学的理论体系之中．并将理论结合中学教育实践进行探索与研究。结论只要学生掌握了这些考试焦虑的调试方法，就能很好地调整自身考试状态，预防考试过度焦虑。     

De novo 13q partial duplication identified by cytogenetic, biochemical and molecular approaches

A 3.5-month-old female infant manifesting dysmorphic facies, developmental delay and failure to thrive was referred for cytogenetic evaluation. Peripheral lymphocytes revealed three chromosomally distinct cell lines: 46,XX/46,XX,10p+/47,XX,10p+,+mar. Dermal fibroblasts revealed only the 46,XX,10p+cell line. High resolution G-, R-, and Q-banding suggested that the extra chromosomal material (10p+) represented a duplication of the segment 13q14----13qter. Parental karyotypes were normal. As absolute identification of de novo chromosomal abnormalities, based solely on cytogenetic studies, is sometimes difficult, both biochemical and molecular approaches were undertaken to elucidate this abnormality in more detail. Dosage effects were examined using esterase D (localized to 13q14.1) and the DNA probes p1E8 and p9A7 (localized to 13q22 and 13q31/32, respectively). These studies suggested the presence of only 2 copies of esterase D, but 3 copies of both DNA probes, allowing identification of the breakpoint at 13q14.2.     

小鼠胸腺基质细胞株中细胞多核化现象探讨

在建立小鼠胸腺基质细胞株时发现小鼠胸腺基质细胞株ＭＴＳＣＢ和ＭＴＳＣＣ自发产生多核细胞及单核巨细胞，对上述细胞进行了非特异性酯酶（ＮＳＥ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡｃＰ）和琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）反应，多核细胞及单核巨细胞的ＮＳＥ、ＡｃＰ和ＳＤＨ活性均强于单核小细胞。在ＭＴＳＣＢ中多核细胞的百分数为１．１％；ＭＴＳＣＣ中多核细胞为０．６％，实验中对一核细胞和多核细胞出现的百分数与Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ分布的理论频率进     

Molecular cloning of a novel human gene (SIRP-B2) which encodes a new member of the SIRP/SHPS-1 protein family

A full-length cDNA encoding a novel protein was isolated and sequenced from a human placental cDNA library. This cDNA consists of 1735 base pairs and has a predicted open reading frame (ORF) encoding 354 amino acids. It possesses a putative signal sequence, a long extracellular domain, a transmembrane region, a short intracellular domain, and no catalytic domain, which is highly homologous to signal-regulatory protein (SIRP)-β, suggesting that it seems to be a new member of the SIRP family. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based mapping with both a monochromosomal hybrid panel and radiation hybrid cell panels placed the gene to human chromosome 20p13 near the marker D20S906. Received: August 11, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000     

Effects of interleukin (IL)-13 on immediate-early response gene expression,phenotype and differentiation of human mast cells. Comparison with IL-4

The recently cloned interleukin 13 (IL-13) shares most investigated biological activities on B lymphocytes and monocytes with IL-4. In this study we investigated the potential role of IL-13 in regulating human mast cell activities. The effects of IL-13 on the expression of an immediate-early response gene (c-fos), proliferation, expression of mast cell-associated cell surface antigen (CD54 and Kit), and in vitro differentiation of human mast cells, were investigated. We compared the effect of IL-13 with that of IL-4. Both IL-13 and IL-4 induced expression of c-fos in cells from the human mast cell line HMC-1. This indicates that mast cells express functional receptors for IL-13. IL-13 and IL-4 decreased the proliferation rate of HMC-1 cells. However, IL-13 was less potent than IL-4. Human mast cells constitutively express the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 (CD54) and the receptor for stem cell factor (Kit) (CD117). The expression of CD54 was increased after treatment with IL-13 or IL-4, whereas the expression of Kit was decreased. Also in this action IL-4 was more potent than IL-13. By culturing mononuclear cells from cord blood in the presence of stem cell factor there is a differentiation of tryptase-positive mast cells in the cultures. This process was inhibited when IL-4 was present. In contrast, IL-13 did not affect the expression of tryptase during differentiation of stem cell factor dependent cord blood-derived mast cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that IL-13 has regulatory effects on human mast cells. The effect overlaps with but is also different from that of IL-4.     

脑立体定向手术戒毒对近期神经心理功能的影响

目的：了解脑立体定向手术戒毒对病人智力、记忆等脑功能的影响。方法：采用韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS）、韦氏记忆测验（WMS）、HR—B神经心理成套测验（HR—B）于术前、术后对病人进行检查。结果：①WAIS：知识、相识性、图画填充等分测验以及语言智商、操作智商、总智商术后均有所提高，其中知识、图画填充及总智商有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。②WMS：倒数数字、图片回忆、联想学习、背数等分测验较手术前下降（P〈0．01），触摸测验及记忆商数（MQ）也有下降（P〈0．05）。术后5-6个月对其中19例患者的WMS测验成绩追踪，各分测验成绩及MQ均有改善，尤以数数和记忆商数改善明显（P〈0．01）。③HR—B：脑损伤指数（DQ）手术前后未见明显变化，仅分测验连线A、连线B成绩术后有降低（P〈0．01）．而利手敲击成绩较术前有提高（P〈0．01）。结论：于术戒毒未造成患者智力明显下降及脑功能障碍．近期记忆下降可在4～5个月内恢复。     

IL-13及其变异体真核表达载体的构建表达与亚细胞定位

目的：体外构建野生型人白细胞介素-13（whIL-13）及变异型人白细胞介素-13（mhIL-13）与增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）融和蛋白真核表达载体，分析其在COS-7细胞中的表达和亚细胞定位。方法：以RT-PCR方法扩增whIL-13、mhIL-13全长编码基因，构建EGFP-whIL-13、EGFP-mhIL-13融和蛋白真核表达载体，转染COS-7细胞，以激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察融合蛋白的表达及其在细胞内的分布情况。结果：两种融和蛋白表达载体均构建正确，将其转染COS-7细胞后，在阳性克隆胞浆内均可见明亮的绿色荧光，胞核空虚。结论：成功构建EGFP-whIL-13、EGFP-mhIL-13融和蛋白表达载体，并在COS-7细胞中得到表达，表达的两种融和蛋白细胞内分布特征没有区别，均位于胞浆内。     

Iα1基因hs1,2 区B等位基因与IgA肾病的易感性相关

［摘要］ 目的：研究Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR多态性与我国IgA肾病的相关关系。 方法： 采集419例肾活检证实的IgA肾病患者及其一级亲属、条件相当的201例健康志愿者血样，提取基因组DNA。用PCR产物直接电泳法鉴定Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR基因型，采用以家庭为基础的传递/不平衡分析（TDT）和单倍型相对危险度（HRR），以及病例-对照研究分析Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR多态性与我国IgA肾病的相关关系。 结果： ① TDT分析结果显示Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR B等位基因从杂合子父母向患者传递的频率显著高于预期值(101 Trios, χ2=6.818, P＜0.01，扩展TDT分析也得到相同结果(164家庭, χ2=7.583, P＜0.01)。②与TDT结果一致，HRR分析同样显示Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR B等位基因的过度传递 (P＜0.05, χ2=4.122, HRR=1.180)， 而BB基因型具有更强的患病倾向 (P＜0.05, χ2=4.411, OR=1.538)。③病例-对照研究显示IgA肾病组B 等位基因频率显著高于正常对照组(χ2=6.968, P＜0.05)。 结论： Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR基因多态性与我国IgA肾病患者的易感性相关。     

Age-related changes in gene expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and their collagenous substrates in mandibular condylar cartilage in rats

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in physiological cartilage matrix remodelling as well as in pathological and invasive extracellular matrix remodelling of tissue. Age-related changes in the gene expression patterns of MMPs in mandibular condylar cartilages (MCCs) were analysed. We examined the gene expression patterns of Mmp-8 and -13 and their substrates, Col1a1, Col2a1 and Col10a1, in MCC of growing and ageing rats. Temporomandibular joints of male Wistar rats aged 4, 8, 16 and 32 weeks were subjected to in situ hybridization analysis. Histologically, MMCs showed characteristics of growth plate cartilage at ages 4 and 8 weeks, and more closely resembled articular cartilage thereafter. Mmp-8 was expressed in the cells in all cartilaginous cell layers at ages 4 and 8 weeks, and then was localized only in the mature cells at ages 16 and 32 weeks. Whereas Mmp-13 expression was limited to the lowermost hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth stage, mature chondrocytes instead of hypertrophic chondrocytes expressed Mmp-13 in adult non-hypertrophic MCC. Because Mmp-8 and -13 expression overlapped with Col2a1 and Col10a1, chondrocytes could play a pivotal role in degradation as well as production of the cartilaginous matrix in MCC.