坏消息

澳科学家研究称：含乙醇的漱口水恐致口腔癌 英国《每日邮报》2009年1月13日援引墨尔本大学教授迈克尔·麦卡洛克在《澳大利亚牙科杂志》上发表的文章指出。漱口水中的乙醇能使尼古丁之类的致癌物更易渗入口腔内部。此外，乙醇的代谢产物乙醛，通过漱口的过程而在口腔内堆积，这种物质也能致癌。     

烹调油还会有哪些麻烦？

最近某品牌油脂曝出“含有超标致癌物”的召回事件，一时间烹调油的安全性又成为人们关注的焦点。     

油烟对我们的6点伤害

1．油烟中的致癌物苯并芘，使人体组织发生癌变，调查证明长期接触油烟的40～60岁女性患肺癌、乳腺癌的危险性增加2倍～3倍。     

Biochemical and Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer

Examples of practical approaches to molecular epidemiology of human cancer are described .Biomarkers of carcinogen exposure or inherited host factors for cancer susceptibility are discussed.Major advances have been made in the detection of carcinogen-macromolecular adducts through the use of high performance liquid chromatography,immunoaffinity chromatography,the ^32P-postlabeling assay,enzyme immunoassays ,gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and synchronous spectrophotofluorimety.The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts are the most extensively studied in this field and together with antibodies to these adducts found in human serum,they have become useful indicators of exposure to carcinogens.Assays for various kinds of alky1-DNA adducts have also been developed and the presence of these adducts have been documented in human tissues.Carcinogen-protein adducts have proven to be useful molecular dosimeters of carcinogen exposure.For example,4-aminobipheny1 hemoglobin adducts are highly correlated with exposure to tobacco smoke.The study of the molecular aspects of interindividual differences in the metabolism and activation of xenobiotics and other genetic markers[DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphisms(PFLPs),mutations,and functional loss of specific genes in carcinogenesis] is an emerging new field that is discussed in the context of genetic susceptibility to cancer .The cytochrome P450 phenotypes and acetylation phenotype are examples of genetic markers that indicate an individual‘s potential for metabolism of exogenous substances.Further ,inherited genetic polymorphic markers,e,g,DNA-RFLPs at protooncogene loci(HRAS-1 and L-myc) have been examined in a case-control strdy of lung cancer.Data concerning mutations of protooncogenes(H-,K-,and N-RAS) and tumor suppressor genes(retinoblastoma and p53 genes)in various common cancers are providing evidence of multiple genetic lesions that occur during the multistage process of carcinogenesis.     

Carcinogen—Macromolecular As Biomarkers in Human Cancer Risk Assessment

Substantial data have been generated during the past 5 years in both experimental systems and human populations which shed light on the potential role of carcinogen-macromolecular adducts in human cancer risk assessment.The use of DNA and protein adducts is based on the fundamental concept in chemical carcinogenesis that most genotoxins are metabolized to electrophilic“ultimat“ carcinogens that are capable of forming covalent adducts with cellular macromolecules.This report examines the relative usefulness and limitations of using DNA and protein adducts and related techniques for assessing human exposure to genotoxic carcinogens.Data discussed in this report clearly demonstrate that these biomarkers not only allow early detection of potential cancer hazard in humans,but they can also significantly increase the power of conventional cancer epidemiological studies in determining true causal relationships.In addition,such biomarkers can improve extrapolation of cancer risks from laboratory animals to humans or from one human population to another.     

腰椎间盘突出症患者下腰椎终板矢状面形态特征

目的:观察腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)患者下腰椎(L3～S1)终板矢状面形态特征。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月～2017年7月就诊我院的腰椎间盘突出症患者和无明确腰椎疾病的志愿者。共纳入LDH患者141例,其中男61例,女80例,年龄61.6±10.1岁(41～79岁),身体质量指数(BMI)为26.3±3.4(18.3～33.2)。对照组纳入志愿者109例,其中男47名,女62名,年龄55.4±12.2岁(40～87岁), BMI为25.3±3.6 (17.6～32.5)。在腰椎CT正中矢状面重建图像上测量LDH患者椎间盘突出节段的终板形态和志愿者腰椎L3下终板至S1上终板的终板形态学参数,包括终板屈曲深度(ECD)、矢状面屈曲角(SCA)和终板屈曲顶点位置(ECA);相应节段椎间盘退变程度在MRI上通过Pfirrmann分级进行评估。应用t检验比较LDH组与对照组终板矢状面形态学参数;选择L4/5和L5/S1两节段中相同退变程度(PfirrmannⅢ级,PfirrmannⅣ级)的椎间盘,比较LDH组患者和对照组志愿者的终板矢状面形态。将LDH组患者和对照组志愿者终板数据合并后按照椎间盘退变程度分组(PfirrmannⅡ级～PfirrmannⅤ级),应用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较不同退变程度椎间盘终板形态参数的组间差异。结果:LDH组各节段终板ECD均显著低于对照组(L4上终板P=0.016,其余终板P0.01),SCA均显著大于对照组(P0.01);除L3下终板外(P=0.014),所有节段终板ECA的组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。L4/5和L5/S1节段中PfirrmannⅢ级和Ⅳ级椎间盘终板,相同节段和退变分级的组间比较结果显示,LDH组终板ECD显著小于对照组(P0.05),SCA显著大于对照组(P0.05),ECA未出现组间显著性差异(P0.05)。不同退变程度椎间盘终板形态参数组间比较显示,随着椎间盘退变进展,各节段ECD降低(P0.01),SCA增大(P0.01),ECA未出现一致的组间变化趋势。结论:LDH患者相比对照组志愿者,其下腰椎终板矢状面屈曲程度较低,退变程度较高的椎间盘其终板屈曲程度较小。     

终池持续引流治疗外伤性脑脊液漏

脑脊液漏是指蛛网膜和硬脑膜均破损，脑脊液经破损处漏出到颅外。按照病因可分为外伤性脑脊液漏和非外伤性脑脊液漏。其中80％为外伤性，4％为特发性，16％继发于鼻、鼻窦及颅底手术。颅底的损伤可并发广泛的硬膜撕裂和严重的神经血管损伤。前颅窝的损伤可以损伤鼻旁窦，形成脑脊液漏，并可损伤嗅神经视神经和眶内容物。前颅窝颅底骨质较薄，特别是筛板部位，硬脑膜与颅骨粘连紧密，颅底有多个副鼻窦，如额窦、筛窦、蝶窦均与鼻腔相通，颅底近邻脑池。     

黄曲霉毒素致肝癌机制研究进展

黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)广泛分布在发霉的粮食及其制品中,是毒性和致癌性最强的天然污染物,AFB1的长期暴露是肝癌发生的主要危险因素之一.现就AFB1代谢过程、AFB1致肝癌机制(包括AFB1引起基因变化、与HBV协同致癌作用、宿主对AFB1的易感性等方面)的研究进展作一综述.