抗癫痫中药作用机制与临床应用

祖国医学对癫痫病早有认识,历代医家对此病积累了丰富的经验,认为本病的发生与先天因素、痰浊内生及瘀血阻窍等有关。下面就中医常用抗癫痫药物结合现代科学研究,对其药理作用、临床应用及今后研究工作的几点看法提出讨论。抗癫痫中药药理作用机制初探一、平肝熄风止痉类药物:临床常用的有天麻、钩藤、地龙、全蝎、蜈蚣、蝉蜕等。1.天麻、钩藤和地龙:实验研究指出:天麻浸膏     

依托咪酯术中镇静的应用

目的　观察依托咪酯术中镇静对患者的影响。方法　选择 2 0例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级麻醉患者 ,使用依托咪酯镇静。首先给予 0 .1mg·kg- 1静注 ,继而 0 .2mg·kg- 1·h- 1注射泵维持 ,每 5min记录 1次镇静程度、呼吸通畅程度、SpO2 、BP、HR。结果未出现镇静过度现象 ,SpO2 及呼吸道通畅未受影响。结论　小剂量依托咪酯术中镇静具有安全可靠、呼吸循环影响小、副作用少等优点 ,可应用于麻醉患者的术中镇静     

桂枝汤的药理学研究 五、加味、减味桂枝汤和桂枝汤的药理作用比较

比较了桂枝汤和桂枝去芍药汤、桂枝加桂汤、桂枝加芍药汤的实验药理作用差别,发现四方均能抑制流感病毒性肺炎、提高感染小鼠的网状内皮系统廓清能力,抑制皮肤迟发性超敏反应,作用均以桂枝汤最强,其次为桂枝加桂汤。桂枝汤、桂枝加桂和桂枝加芍药汤具有镇静作用,以桂枝加桂汤最强。桂枝加芍药汤、桂枝加桂汤和桂枝汤依次有镇痛作用。四方对正常肠蠕动功能无明显有规律的影响,但均能使亢进的肠蠕动抑制。实验结果与《伤寒论》对四方所述解表、调和营卫,治胸满、脉促,奔豚气和腹满时痛的主证大体吻合。     

头痛神效丹的药理和毒性研究

头痛神效丹由川芎、红花、桃仁、钩藤、细辛、白芷等组成。本文对该方的药理及毒性进行了研究。结果表明头痛神效丹具有明显的镇痛镇静作用,能松驰血管、降低血压、增加脑血流量,增加缺氧耐受能力,改善微循环,并有抑制血小板聚集和降低全血粘度的作用。急性和亚急性毒性实验初步证明,本品无毒副作用。     

围术期音乐治疗对椎管内麻醉下妇科手术病人术中镇静的影响

目的观察围术期音乐对椎管内麻醉下妇科手术病人术中异丙酚靶控输注镇静的影响。方法110例于椎管内麻醉下行全子宫切除术者,随机分两组。音乐组于术前选定音乐调好音量;从术前6 min至术毕听音乐。对照组只戴耳机,不听音乐。所有病人切皮前5 min给予1μg／kg芬太尼和0．5 mg／kg异丙酚静注,手术开始时行靶控输注,初始靶控浓度为1．2μg／ml,此后每10 min按0．2μg／ml梯度调整,直至镇静评分达OAA／S 3分。记录镇静诱导时间、术中异丙酚用量和镇静满意度。结果(1)镇静诱导时间:音乐组(12 min±12 min)明显短于对照组(18 min±12 min)(P <0．01);(2)异丙酚靶控浓度和用量:音乐组(1．6μg／ml±0．3μg/ml、171 mg±98 mg)明显低于对照组(2．4μg/ml±0．4μg／ml、251 mg±92 mg)(均P<0．01);(3)镇静满意度:音乐组(9．7±0．6)明显高于对照组(8．1±1．0)(P<0．01)。结论围术期音乐对椎管内麻醉下妇科手术病人有良好的术中镇静作用。     

“一贯煎”的实验研究

本文报告“一贯煎”煎剂有显著的抗疲劳、抗缺氧、抗炎、增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能、镇静和镇痛作用,并能桔抗乙酰胆碱所致家兔离体肠管痉挛。     

Intracellular dopamine oxidation mediates rotenone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells

Aim: To study the role of dopamine (DA) in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Methods: Cell viability was assessed by detecting the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the medium. Apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. Caspase-3-1ike activity was measured by fluorescence assay using the probe Ac-DEVD-AMC. The level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and other peroxides in PC12 cells were quantified by loading cells with 2‘-7‘-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) in fluorescence assay. Lactic acid was measured spectrophotometrically. The DA levels in PC 12 cells weredetermined by HPLC-ECD. Results: A 48-h incubation of PC 12 cells with rotenone caused an apoptotic cell death and elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactic acid accumulation. Intracellular DA depletion with reserpine significantly attenuated rotenone-induced ROS accumulation and apoptotic cell death. No change was found in rotenone-induced ROS accumulation when cells were co-treated with deprenyl. Brief treatment with reserpine at the end of rotenone treatment had no effect on rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. However, when cells were first incubated with deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor for 30 min then co-incubated with rotenone plus deprenyl, a brief treatment with reserpine enhanced cell injury. Conclusion: Rotenone-inducedapoptosisinPC12 cells was mediated by intracellular dopamine oxidation.     

镇静在儿科重症监护病房的应用

镇静在危重患儿的治疗过程中已越来越受到重视,也普遍应用于临床.各种镇静药物及其使用方法、镇静水平的评估、镇静风险的防治等都有不同的文献报道.目前苯二氮(革)类是镇静的主要药物,咪达唑仑静脉维持是常用的镇静方法,Rasmay评分、舒适量表评分和脑电双频指数常用于评价镇静水平,良好的镇静评估和心电呼吸监护是防治镇静风险的关键.     

盐酸右美托咪定在B超引导下肝癌微波消融术麻醉中的效果

目的:评价盐酸右美托咪定在B超引导下肝癌微波消融术中静脉麻醉的效果。方法:本研究为前瞻性研究,选取2015年9月至2017年1月河北医科大学第四医院肝胆外科收治的148例择期行B超引导下肝癌微波消融术患者,男82例,女66例,年龄(58.1±4.6)岁,年龄范围为53~66岁。采用随机数表法将患者随机分为盐酸右美托咪定...