CT在外伤性胃肠道穿孔急诊中的价值

目的:探讨急诊外伤性胃肠穿孔的CT征象及诊断价值。方法:收集18例经手术证实的外伤性胃肠道穿孔的临床资料及CT征象,分析与总结胃肠道破裂穿孔CT扫描的各种有价值的表现。结果:18例外伤急诊患者中,胃、十二指肠、空回肠与结肠穿孔各1,2,12,3例,其中空回肠为多处破裂,CT主要征象为腹腔散在积液征、游离气腹征、肠系膜与肠壁增厚模糊征、造影剂外溢征。结论:CT扫描在外伤性胃肠道穿孔急诊患者的检查中有定性诊断价值,综合分析各种征象,会明显提高CT的诊断正确率。     

腹腔镜手术中气腹压的探讨

妇科腹腔镜手术中应用CO2形成气腹,术后出现上腹及右肩部疼痛不适,我们称之为胸-肩痛。为探讨胸-肩痛发生的原因,我们在手术中随机将患者分为二组,一组气腹压为12 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),一组气腹压为15 mmHg。结果:气腹压为15 mmHg者19例出现胸-肩痛,气腹压为12 mmHg者,术后无一例发生胸-肩痛。结论:由此我们认为气腹腹腔镜手术中,气腹压为12 mmHg较为适宜。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术不同压力CO2气腹对气腹存留时限及肩部疼痛的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)不同压力CO2气腹对气腹存留时限及肩部疼痛的影响,探讨LC术后气腹存留时限的影响因素及肩部疼痛的原因.方法 2002年4～10月连续观察69例LC,随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组23例.气腹压力设定A组10mm Hg,B组12mm Hg,C组14mm Hg.对69例LC术后进行连续胸部X线平片观察膈下游离气体,测量术后24h两侧膈下游离气体的长、高并计算残气量.采用视觉模拟评分(vision analogue score,VAS)观察3组术后1、3、6、12、24、48、72、96、120h肩部疼痛程度.结果 LC后气腹存留时限为(1.8±1.1)d,男女组气腹存留时限分别为(1.8±1.1)d和(1.7±1.0)d,2组比较无显著意义(H=0.013,P=0.911).3组术后24h膈下残气量及术后气腹存留时限差异无显著性(P＞0.05).逐步回归分析示lg(气腹存留时限)与术后24h膈下残气量呈正相关(r=0.616,P=0.006),与气腹时间呈负相关(r=-0.228,P=0.014),与年龄、体重、身高、手术时间及所用气体量无相关性.术后26例出现肩部疼痛,随着A、B、C 3组气腹压力的增高,发生肩部疼痛患者的VAS评分明显增高(F=9.635, P=0.000),术后24h肩部疼痛VAS评分与术后24 h右侧膈下残气量呈正相关(r=0.333,P=0.005),与气腹存留时限呈正相关(r=0.296,P=0.014).结论 LC术毕尽量将腹腔内CO2气体排净可缩短术后残气吸收时间.不同压力CO2气腹对LC术后残余的CO2气体量及气腹存留时限无明显影响.LC后肩部疼痛程度随气腹压增高有明显加重趋势,人工气腹引起膈肌的张力可能是造成肩部疼痛的重要原因.     

用于腹腔镜脾切除术的免气腹装置

电视腹腔镜下切除无明显增大的脾脏已获成功，然而对门静脉高压症患者施行巨脾切除加断流术，术中常出血凶险，镜下难以控制，故属高危手术，一直为腹腔镜手术禁忌。我们自1996年5月起，应用自制免气腹装置成功开展了手助腹腔镜巨脾切除加门奇静脉断流术(Hand-assisted Laparoscopic Megalosplanic Reeection and Portozygds Disconnection，HLMRPD)与免气腹装置辅助的腹腔镜脾切除术(Gasless Deviceas-as-sisted Laparoscopic Spleneetomy，GDLS)，现报告如下。     

腹腔镜二氧化碳气腹对呼吸和循环的影响

目的观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术二氧化碳气腹时对呼吸和循环功能的影响。方法腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者500例,静吸复合麻醉后,监测血压(BP)、脉搏(HR)、Ⅱ导联心电图(ECG)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)、潮气量(TV)、分钟通气量(MV)、气道峰压(PIP)、呼气末二氧化碳浓度(PETCO2)。分别在二氧化碳气腹前5min,二氧化碳气腹后5、10、20min及放气后5min时记录各项监测数据。结果二氧化碳气腹后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)显著升高(P<005),HR增快(P<005),PIP升高(P<005),SpO2无明显变化。结论腹腔镜二氧化碳气腹对呼吸和循环功能影响显著,应严格控制气腹压,特别对老年人、高血压及呼吸功能不全的患者。     

CO2气腹环境对胃癌细胞黏附与侵袭转移的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the adhesive and invasive ability of gastric cancer cells based on the expression of adhesive and invasive molecules. Methods With an artificial CO2 pneumoperitoneum model in vitro, human gastric cancer cells MKN-45, SGC-7901 and MKN-28 were exposed to 3 different CO2 gradients: 9 mm Hg, 15 mm Hg and control group (0 mm Hg). The expression of E-cadherin, ICAM-1, MMP-2 and VEGF-A were measured at 2 and 4 hours exposure by using RT-PCR, CytoMatrixTM kit and ECMatrixTM kit. The pretreated gastric cancer cells were injected into abdominal cavity of nude mice(2×106 cells per mouse). Five mice in each group were sacrificed 4 weeks later to record the number of tumor nodules in abdominal cavity. The remaining mice were kept for observation of survival time. Results The expression of E-cadherin (MKN-45: from 2.26 to 2.19, SGC-7901 :from 2.16 to 2.09、MKN-28 :from 2.06 to 1.99), ICAM-1 (MKN-45 : from 2.20 to 2.28、SGC-7901: from 2.10 to 2.18、MKN-28: from 2.00 to 2.08), MMP-2 (MKN-45:from 2.05 to 2.13、SGC-7901: from 1.95 to 2.03、MKN-28: from 1.85 to 1.93) and VEGF-A(MKN-45 : from 2.10 to 2.16、SGC-7901 :from 2.00 to 2.06、MKN-28: from 1.90 to 1.96) didn't change significantly with increasing pressure and time (P>0.05). The expression of adhesive and invasive molecules didn't change significantly between the experimental groups and the control group. There was no statistical significance of tumor metastasis in abdominal cavity of nude mice(MKN-45:from 22 to 23、SGC-7901 :from 20 to 22、MKN-28:from 21 to 22) and survival time(MKN-45 :from 23 to 21、SGC-7901 :from 22 to 21、MKN-28 :from 22 to 21) among all the groups. Conclusion Under low pressure and short time of CO2 exposure, the adhesive and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells did not change significantly hence did not increase the possibility of neoplasm metastasis.     

LC术中CO2气腹前后患者呼吸、循环及血气指标变化及意义

近期,我们观察了CO2气腹对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者呼吸、循环功能及血气的影响,现分析结果. 临床资料:同期行LC患者30例(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级),男5例,女25例;年龄26～60(43.5±6.4)岁,体质量45～70 kg.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹后对高血压病人呼吸循环的影响及处理：附40例报告

腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹后对高血压病人呼吸循环的影响及处理（附４０例报告）文可武我院于１９９３年８月至１９９４年６月共开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术１３０例，其中有４０例为不同程度的高血压患者，本文就二氧化碳气腹后对高血压病人呼吸、循环的影响及处理等问题进行初步探...