膀胱尿路上皮癌透明细胞变异亚型的临床病理特点分析研究

目的探讨分析膀胱尿路上皮癌透明细胞变异亚型的临床病理特点.方法选取2010年3月至2017年3月某院收治的6例尿路上皮癌透明细胞变异亚型患者作为研究对象,其中男5例,女1例,年龄41~76岁,平均年龄(61.3±4.5)岁.对6例尿路上皮癌伴透明细胞变异亚型患者的临床病理特点进行回顾性分析,并进行随访统计患者预后情况.结果经手术病理组织检查结果显示6例患者均属于高级别尿路上皮癌透明细胞变异亚型,均为局部透明细胞癌.病理分级情况:Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级2例;病理分期情况:2例属于pT2a期,3例属于pT2b期,1例属于pT3a期;其中合并腺性分化的有2例,合并有鳞状分化的有2例,合并有微乳头变异的1例;6例患者中5例患者在脉管系统内可见瘤栓.免疫组化染色情况:细胞角蛋白7(CK7)(+)、细胞角蛋白20(CK20)(+)、上皮膜抗原(EMA)(+),癌胚抗原(CEA)(+),前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)(-).6例患者均获得了随访,平均随访时间(13.6±3.9)个月.其中1例行诊断性TURBT术进行治疗的患者在术后8个月因为全身性转移而死亡,其余5例行膀胱全切者治疗的患者中,1例患者在术后17个月因为转移而死亡,其余4例患者在术后分别随访6、10、17、21个月,未见肿瘤复发及转移.结论膀胱尿路上皮癌透明细胞变异亚型是临床罕见的上皮癌类型,多数为高级别肿瘤,分期晚,且患者的预后较差,分析可能与其尿路上皮癌透明细胞变异亚型的高侵袭性有关.     

牙源性透明细胞癌的影像学表现

<正>牙源性透明细胞癌(clear cell odontogenic carcinoma,CCOC)是一种十分少见的牙源性恶性肿瘤,2005年WHO牙源性肿瘤新分型认为,该病是以透明细胞为主的上皮性肿瘤,是一种以空泡状或透明细胞岛和团块为特点的牙源性恶性肿瘤。迄今为止,关于该病的报告约75例~([1])。笔者搜集了1例牙源性透明细胞癌的临床及影像资料,现结合相关文献分析如下。     

括约肌间瘘结扎术治疗复杂性肛瘘的临床体会

目的观察括约肌间瘘结扎术(LIFT)治疗复杂性肛瘘的临床效果。方法回顾性分析接受LIFT治疗的52例复杂性肛瘘患者的临床资料。结果本组患者手术时间为(46.10±12.60)min,术中出血量为(36.17±4.33)mL。术后24 h和第1周肛门疼痛评分(VAS)分别为(2.06±0.33)分和(1.31±0.21)分。创面愈合时间为(20.62±4.18)d,住院时间为(10.60±2.20)d。出院后均获12个月随访,其间仅发生1例因肛门漏气导致的肛门部分失禁,未发生肛门畸形等其他并发症。治疗有效率为92.31%(48/52)。结论 LIFT治疗复杂性肛瘘,患者痛苦小、术后恢复快,有利于肛门功能的恢复。     

固本益气方辅助同步放化疗治疗脑额叶胶质瘤术后患者疗效及对炎性细胞因子、细胞生长因子水平的影响

目的观察固本益气方辅助同步放化疗治疗脑额叶胶质瘤术后患者疗效及对炎性细胞因子、细胞生长因子(HGF)水平的影响。方法将116例脑额叶胶质瘤术后患者随机分为2组,对照组58例给予同步放化疗治疗,观察组58例在此基础上加用固本益气方治疗,2组疗程均为6个月。统计2组临床疗效、随访生存率及不良反应发生情况,观察2组治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、HGF水平及卡洛夫斯基功能状态评分(KPS)变化情况。结果观察组近期治疗总有效率、KPS评分和术后6个月、12个月生存率均显著高于对照组(P均0.05),各种不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P均0.05);观察组治疗后CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均显著高于治疗前及对照组(P均0.05),CD8~+及IL-17、TNF-α、HGF水平显著低于治疗前及对照组(P均0.05)。结论固本益气方辅助同步放化疗用于脑额叶胶质瘤术后患者可有效促进残存肿瘤缩小,改善细胞免疫功能,提高生存质量,下调IL-17、TNF-α及HGF水平,延长生存时间,并有助于降低药物毒副作用。     

新生儿肺炎PCT和炎性因子水平表达及其意义

目的研究新生儿肺炎(NP)患儿血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平表达及其意义。方法选取2017年1月-2018年2月韶关市曲江区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心诊治的NP患儿80例,按细菌感染情况分为观察1组和观察2组,各40例。选择同期40例健康新生儿作为对照组。测定并比较三组的hs-CRP、PCT和IL-6水平。结果观察1组血清PCT、hs-CRP和IL-6水平明显高于观察2组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察1组血清PCT、hs-CRP和1L-6检测阳性率明显高于观察2组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察1组血清PCT、hs-CRP和1L-6诊断NP的敏感度均明显高于观察2组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组各指标特异度与观察2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清hs-CRP、PCT、IL-6水平可作为NP患儿的辅助鉴别指标,为抗生素的合理使用和疗效提供依据。     

Effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis in neural stem cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease

Previous studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation has the potential to treat Parkinson’s disease,but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor,chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),are important regulators of cell migration.We speculated that the CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor 1 axis may be involved in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.A Parkinson’s disease rat model was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine via the right ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway,and then treated with 5μL of neural stem cell suspension(1.5×104/L)in the right substantia nigra.Rats were intraperitoneally injected once daily for 3 days with 1.25 mL/kg of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to observe changes after neural stem cell transplantation.Parkinson-like behavior in rats was detected using apomorphine-induced rotation.Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,the mRNA expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra were measured.In addition,western blot assays were performed to analyze the protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4.Our results demonstrated that neural stem cell transplantation noticeably reduced apomorphine-induced rotation,increased the mRNA and protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra,and enhanced the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Injection of AMD3100 inhibited the aforementioned effects.These findings suggest that the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kunming Medical University,China(approval No.SYXKK2015-0002)on April 1,2014.