甲状腺功能减退症患者便秘的护理干预研究

目的研究探讨甲状腺功能减退症患者便秘的护理干预措施。方法将86例甲减便秘者随机分为干预组及对照组,干预组给予患者针对饮食、饮水、运动及局部按摩等八个方面进行指导的综合护理干预措施,对照组给予常规护理。干预效果评价的主要指标为最近7 d的排便次数及粪便性状,评价的时间分别为入院时和干预后的第3周。结果干预组患者的排便次数、粪便性状及其他认知、行为方面都有显著改善,与对照组之间的差异有统计学意义,P﹤0.01。结论通过综合的护理干预措施改善甲减患者便秘效果好。     

慢传输便秘大鼠肠道菌群的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析

目的 应用细菌基因共有重复序列指纹图谱技术,探讨慢传输便秘肠道菌群的变化.方法 选取Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为对照组15只、造模组15只,造模组给予易蒙停灌胃.收集每24 h排出粪便,计数排便粒数,称量粪便质量,及24 h进食量及进水量,通过碳末灌胃测定肠道传输时间.留取造模组与对照组不同时段粪便,提取肠道细菌DNA,进行ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析.结果 造模组大鼠24 h内排便粒数、排便质量、进食量较对照组明显减少,进水量没有明显差异.造模组大鼠肠道传输时间明显高于对照组.造模组大鼠肠道菌群ERIC-PCR结果优势条带依然存在,但是较对照组及给药前条带增多且亮度增高.结论 易蒙停给药致慢传输便秘大鼠造模成功,造模组大鼠肠道菌群较对照组ERIC-PCR结果可能存在细菌数量及种类增多.     

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The effect of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion on sleep architecture: an exploratory risk study in healthy young adults

Maxillary transverse deficiencies (MTD) cause malocclusions. Rapid maxillary expansion treatment is commonly used treatment for correcting such deficiencies and has been found to be effective in improving respiration and sleep architecture in children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, thus far, the effect of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) treatment on sleep architecture and breathing of normal subjects has not been assessed. We hypothesised that sleep quality will improve after maxillary expansion treatment. The objective of this study is to access the effect of maxillary expansion treatment on sleep structure and respiratory functions in healthy young adults with severe MTD. This is a prospective and exploratory clinical study. Twenty‐eight consecutive young adult patients (15 males and 13 females, mean age 20·6 ± 5·8 years) presenting with severe MTD at the orthodontic examination were recruited into the study. All the participants underwent a standardised SARME procedure (mean expansion 6·5 ± 1·8 and 8·2 ± 1·8 mm, intercanine and intermolar distance, respectively) to correct malocclusion caused by MTD. An overnight in‐laboratory polysomnography, before and after the treatment, was performed. The mean follow‐up time was 9 months. The main outcome parameters were the changes in sleep architecture, including sleep stages, arousals, slow‐wave activity (SWA) and respiratory variables. Before surgery, young adult patients with MTD presented no evidence of sleep breathing problems. At baseline sleep recording, 7 of 28 (25%) had apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥ 5 events per hour. No negative effect of the SARME was observed in questionnaires or sleep laboratory parameters. In the patients with a higher baseline AHI (AHI ≥ 5 h of sleep), we observed a reduction in AHI after surgical treatment (P = 0·028). SARME did not have a negative effect on any sleep or respiration parameters in healthy young individuals with MTD. It normalised the breathing index in the patients with a mild AHI index.