优化牛体外生产胚胎条件的研究

为优化牛体外培养系统,本研究利用微滴培养法,探讨了卵巢状态所获卵母细胞、种公牛个体、受精时间、季节及共培养对体外培养结果的影响。结果表明:(1)不同卵巢状态所获卵母细胞的分裂率、囊胚率差异均不显著(P>0.05);(2)不同种公牛精液进行体外受精,结果显示分裂率和囊胚率差异显著(P<0.05);(3)6h、8h、12h和16h受精时间比较,结果以12h效果最佳,分裂率、囊胚率与其它各组均差异显著(P<0.05)。(4)春、秋季体外培养的效果显著优于夏、冬季。(5)使用颗粒单层可显著提高囊胚率(P<0.05)。     

Seasonal variability in the biophysical properties of stratum corneum from different anatomical sites

Background/purpose: A 10-month-long study on a panel of 24 young female subjects was carried out to determine whether various biophysical aspects of the stratum corneum (SC) varied with season.
Methods: Three different anatomical sites (calf, inner forearm and crow's foot wrinkle area of the face) were assessed in February, April, July and December of the same year. The assessments made were skin surface hydration using an electrical capacitance technique, transepidermal water loss by evaporimetry, number of corneocytes released using a turbine stimulation method, and skin surface topography using optical profilometry.
Results: The results showed significant anatomical differences: with the crow's foot site > forearm > calf, for skin surface hydration and corneocyte numbers; and the crow's foot site > forearm and calf, with no difference between the latter two sites, for TEWL measurements. With these techniques, seasonal differences were observed mainly in the calf, to a lesser extent in the forearm, but not in the crow's foot area. These mainly involved increases in these three parameters in July, as opposed to the other time-points. Parameters of skin surface topography however, showed no consistent seasonal pattern, but markedly higher values were observed for the forearm in comparison to the calf and crow's foot sites, which were similar. From meteorological data obtained, the average daily maximum temperature and hours of sunshine increased to peak values in July, as did the absolute humidity derived from relative humidity data.
Conclusion: We conclude that the results are most likely to represent changes in the SC due to climatic factors, with the calf and forearm sites being most affected in comparison to the face (crow's foot wrinkle area), which seems unaffected. The reasons for this latter site remaining unchanged may be due to its greater UV exposure, sebum content, and that the use of facial cosmetics was allowed.     

巴音布鲁克羊山区冷季的补饲效果

30只放牧羊作为对照组和70只放牧加补饲的试验羊通过测定体重指标来评价冷季的补饲效果。结果表明,试验组的平均日增重为143.54g,对照组的平均日增重为-142.29g,差异极显著。     

3 326例南京地区人群维生素D水平与季节关系调查

目的通过测定江苏省中医院2017年就诊患者体内25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,分析目前维生素D水平状况并评价其与季节的关系。方法收集2017年1月1日至2017年12月31日在江苏省中医院测25(OH)D水平的门诊及住院患者3 326例,主要来源于内分泌科、生殖医学科、体检中心等就诊的南京市居民,排除相关影响因素,分别比较不同季节、性别的25(OH)D水平和维生素D营养状况差异。结果 3 326例患者的25(OH)D的平均水平为18.38 ng/mL,维生素D缺乏率为63.3%,不足率为29.0%,正常率为7.7%;春夏两季维生素D水平高于秋冬两季(P0.05);女性维生素D水平明显低于男性(P0.05)。结论南京地区人群存在不同程度的维生素D缺乏,且具有季节差异性,秋冬季节25(OH)D的水平更低,与性别也相关联。维生素D作为人体内不可缺少的维生素对骨骼系统具有重要作用,提高公众合理补充维生素D的意识并针对高危人群及时补充钙剂是必要的,定期检测25(OH)D作为评估体内维生素D水平的常规实验室检查,为临床正确应用维生素D提供科学的理论依据。     

Influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates for Western Australia during a period of vaccine and virus strain stability, 2010 to 2012

During 2010–2012 the strain composition of the influenza vaccine in the Southern Hemisphere did not change, but the circulating virus type/subtype did. We pooled data for these years from the Western Australian sentinel medical practice surveillance system for influenza to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) by influenza virus type and subtype. A case test-negative design was used with VE estimated as (1-odds ratio) × 100%. There were 2182 patients included in the analysis across the 3 years studied. The predominant subtype was A/H1pdm09 in 2010 and 2011, and A/H3 in 2012. The overall adjusted VE estimate against all influenza for 2010–2012 was 51% (95% CI: 36, 63). Estimates were highest against A/H1pdm09 at 74% (95% CI: 47, 87), followed by 56% (95% CI: 33, 71) for influenza B and lowest against A/H3 at 39% (95% CI: 13, 57). When analyses were restricted to compare influenza-positive patients with patients who tested positive for a non-influenza virus, overall adjusted VE was 59% (95% CI: 39, 72). These results suggest moderate protection against influenza by vaccination in Western Australia over the period 2010–2012, and are consistent with findings from other settings.     

Understanding influenza vaccine protection in the community: An assessment of the 2013 influenza season in Victoria,Australia

BackgroundThe influenza virus undergoes frequent antigenic drift, necessitating annual review of the composition of the influenza vaccine. Vaccination is an important strategy for reducing the impact and burden of influenza, and estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE) each year informs surveillance and preventative measures. We aimed to describe the influenza season and to estimate the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in Victoria, Australia, in 2013.MethodsRoutine laboratory notifications, general practitioner sentinel surveillance (including a medical deputising service) data, and sentinel hospital admission surveillance data for the influenza season (29 April to 27 October 2013) were collated in Victoria, Australia, to describe influenza-like illness or confirmed influenza during the season. General practitioner sentinel surveillance data were used to estimate VE against medically-attended laboratory confirmed influenza. VE was estimated using the case test negative design as 1 − adjusted odds ratio (odds of vaccination in cases compared with controls) × 100%. Cases tested positive for influenza while non-cases (controls) tested negative. Estimates were adjusted for age group, week of onset, time to swabbing and co-morbidities.ResultsThe 2013 influenza season was characterised by relatively low activity with a late peak. Influenza B circulation preceded that of influenza A(H1)pdm09, with very little influenza A(H3) circulation. Adjusted VE for all influenza was 55% (95%CI: −11, 82), for influenza A(H1)pdm09 was 43% (95%CI: −132, 86), and for influenza B was 56% (95%CI: −51, 87) Imputation of missing data raised the influenza VE point estimate to 64% (95%CI: 13, 85).ConclusionsClinicians can continue to promote a positive approach to influenza vaccination, understanding that inactivated influenza vaccines prevent at least 50% of laboratory-confirmed outcomes in hospitals and the community.     

热带地区某医院各季度医院感染发病情况初步分析

目的探讨热带地区季度变化对医院感染发病率影响的研究,为预防与控制医院感染提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2014—2016年热带地区某医院住院患者医院感染情况进行回顾性分析,率的比较采用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2014—2016年共监测住院患者112 640例,发生医院感染2 026例,医院感染发病率为1.80%;各季度医院感染发病率比较,差异有统计学意义,其中第二季度（1.98%）最高,第四季度（1.62%）最低;医院感染部位以下呼吸道（42.84%）为主,其次为上呼吸道（15.20%）、泌尿道（12.73%）、胃肠道（6.71%）、血液（5.82%）。结论医院感染发病率呈现较低水平,反映医院感染管控措施的落实取得了成效;热带地区医院感染发病率与季度变化密切相关,且不同于其他地区研究,提示环境污染与居民健康、医院感染亦密切相关,污染治理刻不容缓;热带地区医院感染发病部位与季度变化密切相关,医疗机构应根据医院感染变化特点,针对性制定医院感染防控措施;同时,热带地区医院感染的研究需考虑地区差异性、季度差异性、感染部位差异性。