Clinical performance of non-contact tonometry by Reichert AT550® in glaucomatous patients

Measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) by non-contact tonometry (NCT) has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable technique to be used in primary eye care; it is easier to use, it does not transmit infectious diseases, and it is not necessary to use anaesthetic or staining eye drops. Recently, a new NCT device has showed an excellent level of agreement with Goldmann tonometry, but there are no records of its performance in glaucomatous eyes. To rectify this, IOP was measured in twenty-two patients (44 eyes) receiving medical treatment to control elevated IOP, with AT550 and Goldmann tonometry. Mean values of IOP were 18.98 +/- 2.77 and 19.08 +/- 3.02 mmHg using Goldmann and AT550, respectively. Plots of differences against means displayed good agreement (mean difference +/- limits of agreement, -0.09 +/- 3.30); this value was not significantly different from zero (t-test for dependent samples, p = 0.709). In conclusion, IOP values as measured with the AT550 NCT are clinically comparable with those obtained with Goldmann tonometry in glaucomatous patients. This validates this NCT not only for screening of IOP but to follow-up glaucomatous patients with a rapid, non-invasive method.     

The ensemble-averaged impedance cardiogram: An evaluation of scoring methods and interrater reliability

The interrater reliability and concurrent validity of two methods of scoring the ensemble-averaged impedance cardiogram were evaluated. Impedance cardiographic and electrocardiographic signals were recorded from 40 undergraduate men and women during a baseline rest period and a vocal mental arithmetic task period. Recordings were scored by four raters using a conventional method, involving ensemble averaging after careful editing of beat-to-beat waveforms, and a streamlined method, involving ensemble averaging without beat-to-beat editing. Intraclass correlations for interrater reliability exceeded .92, whereas intraclass correlations for concurrent validity exceeded .97, indicating excellent agreement between raters and scoring methods for all cardiac measures. The streamlined method was significantly faster than the conventional method. The results indicate that variations in beat-to-beat editing do not constitute a serious source of error in the ensemble-averaged impedance cardiogram and support the interrater reliability and concurrent validity of the two scoring methods.     

Developing the occupational stress indicator (OSI) for use in Brazil: A report on the reliability and validity of the translated OSI

The Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and administered to a sample of 84 white-collar workers in Brazil. Five of the six scales of the OSI (job satisfaction, mental and physical health, coping, type A behaviour, sources of stress) showed acceptable reliability. The reliability of the sixth scale (locus of control) was disappointing, in keeping with earlier findings that suggest that this scale requires further development. Alternative measures of the stress outcomes — job satisfaction, mental health and physical health — were taken in order to assess the construct validity of these three scales. These measures included translations of the Hackman-Oldham job satisfaction measure and the Crown–Crisp Experiential Index, as well as subjective measures of health-related behaviours. Correlational and multivariate analyses of these data suggested that the job satisfaction, mental health and physical health scales of the OSI had good validity, with the physical health measure probably including a psychosomatic component. These findings are promising for the development of a new version of the OSI designed for use in South America.     

急诊科护士对新发传染病知信行调查问卷的编制

目的 编制急诊科(emergency department,ED)护士对新发传染病(emerging infectious diseases,EID)知信行(knowledge attitude practice,KAP)调查问卷,并进行信效度检验。方法 以KAP理论为基础,通过文献回顾、德尔菲专家函询形成问卷初稿;于2021年5月方便抽样上海市3所三级甲等综合医院293名ED护士进行预调查,完成问卷条目筛选和信效度检验。结果 形成含有34个条目的ED护士对EID知信行调查问卷,其中知识维度12个条目、态度维度10个条目、行为维度12个条目。问卷整体Cronbach's α系数为0.926,各维度Cronbach's α系数为0.617~0.968;问卷整体分半信度为0.846,各维度分半信度为0.614~0.958。问卷水平内容效度指数(scale-level content validity index,S-CVI)为0.99,条目水平内容效度指数(item-level content validity index,I-CVI)为0.99~1.00;探索因子分析显示,知识、态度、行为3个维度分别提取公因子4个、1个、2个,累计方差贡献率分别为50.192%、78.319%、73.341%,问卷整体累计方差贡献率67.242%;验证因子分析显示,问卷整体及各维度拟合度较好。结论 EID知信行调查问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为ED护士对EID KAP的评估工具。     

PTSD症状自评量表的信效度初步评价

目的：编制创伤后应激障碍症状自评量表。方法：根据诊断标准和Kubany的痛苦事件量表相结合来编制量表；在284名大学生、87名受灾居民和70名消防官兵中进行信度和效度检验。结果：量表的一致性系数为0．88-0．94，重测信度为0.83-0．88，与SCL90的焦虑、抑郁和恐怖因子的相关性在0．73以上，与DSM-IV的诊断符合率在90％以上。结论：量表有很好的信效度．可以用于评估创伤后应激障碍的症状及其严重程度。     

中学生生活应激评定量表的初步编制

目的 :编制中学生生活应激评定量表并制定常模。方法 :参考了国内外同类量表 ,采用问卷调查拟定条目 ,并进行信效度检验 ,用困扰症状量表、SCL - 90、特质焦虑量表和中国青少年生活事件检查表作为效标。结果 :新编的量表有较好的信度 ,α系数为 0 86 ,重测信度为 0 90 ;有较好的效度 ( 0 6 0～0 71 )。结论 :该量表具有较满意的心理测量指标。     

Reliability and validity of dyspnea measures in patients with obstructive lung disease

Dyspnea, the clinical term for shortness of breath, is the primary symptom and an important outcome measure in evaluations of patients with lung disease. It is a subjective symptom that has proved difficult to quantify. Many dyspnea measures are available, yet it is difficult, based on the existing literature, to determine the most reliable and valid. In this study, we evaluated 6 measures of dyspnea for reliability and validity: (a) Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) and Transition Dyspnea Index, (b) UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ), (c) American Thoracic Society Dyspnea Scale, (d) Oxygen Cost Diagram, (e) Visual Analog Scale, and (f) Borg Scale. Subjects were 143 patients (74 women and 69 men) with obstructive lung disease, ages 40 to 86, FEV., 0.36 to 3.53 L, FVC 1.07 to 5.74 L. Dyspnea measures were assessed for test-retest reliability, internal consistency, interrater reliability, and construct validity (i.e.. correlations among dyspnea measures and correlations of dyspnea measures with exercise tolerance, health-related quality of life, lung function, anxiety, and depression). Results suggest that the SOBQ and BDI demonstrated the highest levels of reliability and validity among the dyspnea measures examined. This research was supported by University of California Tobacco Related Disease Research Program Grant 2RT026S, National Heart. Lung, and Blood Institute Grant HL 34732 to Robert M. Kaplan, and National Institutes of Health NHLBI Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award No. HL02215 to Andrew L. Ries.     

对Bem性别角色量表的考察与修订

目的：对在性别角色研究中使用得最为广泛的工具-Bem量表进行介绍，考察它在中国文化下的信、效度并进行修订。方法：选取两个城市三所大学中的340名本科生为被试。经过项目分析、因素分析等统计方法，对构成量表的条目进行删除和保留。结果：最后由14项男性化条目和12项女性化条目构成新的Bem量表简本。结论：修订后的Bem量表在信、效度上有了明显的提高，可以成为进一步研究的工具。     

简明心境量表(BPOMS)的初步修订

目的 :修订并检验简明心境量表 (BPOMS)的信度和效度。方法 :对 886名大学生实施该量表 ,并对其中 74人间隔 9天评定重测信度。随机抽取 87名门诊初诊神经症患者进行BPOMS、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表 (SAS)的测查 ,评定效标效度。选取 87名年龄、性别和文化与病例组相匹配的正常个体为对照组填写BPOMS ,评定区分效度。结果 :BPOMS的重测信度系数在 0 40 6～ 0 664之间 ,α系数在0 70 5～ 0 890之间 ,具有较满意的信度。原量表共有 6个维度 ,本研究对BPOMS进行因素分析后提取了 5个维度 ,仍能够合理地解释该量表的结构。修订后BPOMS的“抑郁”维度与SDS、“紧张”维度与SAS的相关系数分别为 0 60 5和 0 60 2 (P <0 0 1) ,神经症组与对照组在BPOMS和各维度的得分均有显著性的差异 (P<0 0 1) ,说明BPOMS有良好的区分效度和效标效度。结论 :该量表具有良好的信效度 ,是测量个体心境状态简便易行的工具。     

RADS抑郁量表的修订

本文报导应用ＲｅｙｎｏｌｄｓＡｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔＤｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓｃａｌｅ（ＲＡＤＳ）抑郁量表在全国７省市对３９０５名中学生测量的结果，量表重测相关系数为０．７９、Ｃｒｏｎｂｅｃｈα系数为０．８８、分半信度相关系数为０．８８；与流调中心用抑郁量表（ＣＥＳ－Ｄ）的相关系数为０．８４；因子分析结果表明该量表有较好的结构效度。