汗腺癌病理分级的预后意义

目的：探讨汗腺癌不同病理组织学分级对复发和转移及预后的影响。方法：参照Ｂｌｏｏｍ－Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ乳腺癌分级标准对１０５例汗腺癌进行分级，并探讨其与复发、转移和预后间的关系。结果：在１０５例汗腺癌中，属分化型者４２例，属低分化型者６３例，两者复发率、多次复发率、区域淋巴结转移率和远处转移率及死亡率比较，提示在多次复发、远处转移方面差异有显著性，在预后方面差异非常显著。结论：将汗腺癌按腺管形成多少、核的多形性和核分裂数进行病理组织学分级，对选择治疗、估计预后具有很大的指导意义     

47例骨髓穿刺干抽的临床和病理分析

分析４７例骨髓穿刺干抽的临床和病理改变，干抽占同期１３１９例骨穿的３．６％。根据骨髓细胞的密度和间质纤维增殖的程度，把干抽的原因分为４类：高细胞伴间质细胞增多者１９例（４２．２％）；间质细胞增多者１４例（３１．１％）；高细胞者８例（１７．８％）及低细胞者４例（８．９％）。主要疾病为：急性淋巴细胞白血病（２５．５％），急性非淋巴细胞白血病（１７．０％），慢性白血病（１４．９％），骨髓转移瘤（１０．６     

513例住院精神分裂症患者临床特点的性别差异

目的 :比较男性及女性精神分裂症住院病人的起病年龄、症状特点、病程演变特点及社会功能等指标的差异。方法 :选择 5 13例住院精神分裂症患者 ,详细收集临床资料 ,并进行《阳性及阴性症状评定量表》 (PANSS)及《大体功能量表》 (GAF)的评定 ,以此为依据进行性别间的比较分析。结果 :(1)总体上看 ,男性患者的起病年龄 (2 5 6± 7 3岁 )显著早于女性患者 (2 7 5± 8 6yrs) (P <0 0 1) ,但有家族史的患者间起病年龄差异不显著 (2 6 3± 6 9岁vs 2 6 8± 8 4岁 ) ;与男性相比 ,女性患者具有如下倾向 :症状模式较多为持续阳性症状 ,多为发作性波动或轻度恶化病程 ,阳性及情感症状更明显 ,且未婚或离婚的比例(5 3 9% )显著低于男性 (67 2 % )。结论 :男性及女性精神分裂症患者在发病年龄、症状特点及病程转归等多方面均存在显著差异 ,提示在制定治疗康复方案方面 ,应有所区别     

Clinicopathologic features and incidence of invasive lobular carcinoma in Japanese women

Intending to clarify the true Incidence of Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast In Japanese women as well as the frequency of unilateral multlcentriclty, 362 cases of clinically defined monocentrlc breast cancer without pre-operative biopsy (previously fine needle aspiration or needle biopsy were routinely carried out for every case) were examined by whole mammary gland serial sectioning. On the basis of pathology and the World Health Organization classification of breast tumors, each case was assigned to one of two main histologlc types: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) or Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Invasive lobular carcinoma was further separated into classic and variant types by employing previously published criteria. Twenty-one cases of ILC (5.8%) were diagnosed, which Is more than In most previous Japanese studies. Unilateral multicentric breast carcinoma was detected In 9.5% of ILC and 16.1% of IDC (the difference was found not significant). Microscopically, ILC tumors were found to be, on average, larger than IDC. Patients with classic type ILC tended to be younger than those with variant type or IDC. Estrogen receptor expression was found more frequently In variant type ILC than in classic type. These results suggest that the incidence of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast In Japanese women is low and that unilateral multicentricity Is not significantly higher in ILC than in IDC.     

Character and frequency of pathological changes in the solitary rat kidney after removal of the other kidney in old age

One kidney was removed from male rats weighing 500–850 g; the remaining kidney underwent compensatory hypertrophy and, after 1–2 months, it was larger (index of hypertrophy 70–92%) in rats weighing 700–850 g than in animals weighing 500–600 g (56–58%). Histological investigation showed that this marked hypertrophy of the solitary kidney in old rats was not the result of disease of the organ, for pathological changes such as are sometimes found in intact and hypertrophied kidneys were found in only 38 of 223 animals. The results suggest that the ability of the kidneys to undergo, compensation and regeneration is not reduced in old age.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 362–366, September, 1977.     

主动脉病变多层螺旋CT检查方法及其影像学特征

随着多层螺旋CT扫描速度和Z轴分辨率的提高，CT在显示血管的解剖与疾病方面得到很大发展，因此，CTA诊断血管疾病起着越来越重要的作用。本文着重介绍多层螺旋CT及CTA诊断主动脉病变的研究进展。     

MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN HEARTS OF RATS WELL ADAPTED AND POORLY ADAPTED TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA

We carried out an experiment to analyze morphological differences in hearts of rats well adapted and poorly adapted to chronic hypoxia. Male and female Wistar rats, 1 week, 4 weeks and 9 weeks old, were employed on the assumption that adaptive ability was dependent on age and sex. These rats were raised at an altitude of 2,400 m and were kept for 7 to 9 weeks. Control groups were maintained at an altitude of 600 m during the same period of time. Each group consisted of 4 to 6 rats. At the end of the experiment, body weight, heart weight, ratio of heart weight to body weight and hematocrit were measured, and ventricular wall thickness, myocardial fiber diameter, capillary supply and mitochondria were morphometrically studied. Of the 6 experimental groups, the 4-week-old male rats (M2) had the highest body weight, as compared with the other experimental groups. In addition, relative to these other experimental groups, the following features were found for M2. Heart weight was intermediate, heart weight/body weight ratio was low and hematocrit was also low. Ventricular wall thickness was intermediate in the right ventricle (RV) and interventricular septum (IVS) but was thin in the left ventricle (LV). Myocardial fiber diameter was intermediate in the RV, large in the IVS and small in the LV. Capillary supply was intermediate in the RV and dense in the IVS and LV. Mitochondria were small but cristal density and percentage area, estimated from electron micrographs, were found to be high. These data showed that in well developed rats under chronic hypoxia, there is good development of capillary supply with corresponding restriction of cardiac hypertrophy, while hematocrit count and mitochondria are also affected.     

Lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes associated with anemia and neutropenia: Proof of monoclonality of the LGL-population,but benign clinical course

Summary A 37-year-old man with severe transfusion-requiring anemia and neutropenia associated with lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) has been followed over a period of 3.5 years. Detailed phenotyping of the LGL has been performed, revealing a phenotype of CD3⁺, CD8⁺, CD16⁺, HLA-DR⁺, and Leu-7⁺. Southern-blot analysis of the T-cell receptor beta-chain locus detected a gene rearrangement, thus providing proof of monoclonality of the peripheral blood LGLs.Abbreviations CD Cluster of differentiation - LGLs Large granular lymphocytes - PBMCs Peripheral blood mononuclear cells     

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor presenting as a neck mass: a case report

An unusual case study of a desmoplastic small round cell tumor presenting as a 3.5-cm, firm, supraclavicular neck mass and diagnosed by fine-needle aspirate biopsy in a 16-yr-old male is reported. Clinical, cytologic, and immunocytochemical findings are described. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features are discussed. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors of any site; the importance of ancillary studies in arriving at the correct diagnosis is emphasized.     

Fibrous histiocytoma: a histological and statistical analysis of 155 cases.

Various salient histological features were rated from + to +++ in a semiquantitative evaluation of a series of 155 cases of fibrous histiocytoma. Relations between individual histological features, as well as between histological findings, localisation and size of lesions, and age or sex of the patient were tested statistically. Most impressive was an inverse proportional relationship between cellular and fibrillar densities: highly cellular fibrous histiocytomas chiefly showed little fiber formation. Accordingly, cases with marked fiber formation were distinguished by low cellularity. Based on this statistically significant relation, 3 subtypes could be classified on a scale of increasing fiber formation and decreasing cellular density. The majority of cases showed medium cellularity and fibrillar density, with distinct storiform (spokewheel or "whirlygig") pattern which is compatible with typical storiform histocytoma, including clincally progressive, recurrant FH and/or "dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans". The typical patient was more frequently female than male, 40 years of age with a 0.5 to 1.0 cm size tumor node in the lower extremities located in the corium, often with beginning infiltration of the subcutaneous fat tissue.