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61.
The Seri Indians of Sonora, Mexico, living on the east side of the Gulf of California, utilized over 75 species of seed plants from the desert and sea as food. Potable water, rather than food, was undoubtedly the primary factor limiting pre‐contact population levels of these hunting and gathering and seafaring people. Fewer species of plants were used for food than for medicinal purposes. Basic staples were obtained from the fruit of columnar cacti (Pachycereus, etc.), the pod and seed of mesquite (Prosopis), seed of eelgrass (Zostera), leaf‐base and stem of century plant (Agave), and seeds of various ephemerals such as amaranth (Amaranthus), goosefoot (Chenopodium), plantain (Plantago), and bean (Phaseolus). Other important food plants include cholla (Opuntia), wolfberry (Lycium), mala mujer (Cnidoscolus), palo verde (Cercidium), and saiya (Amoreuxia).

Mesquite, columnar cacti, and eelgrass were harvested at the height of the dry season and, because of drought‐evading adaptations, could be relied upon even during years of extreme drought. Various seeds and other plant‐derived foods were stored against time of need. Seeds and fruit of 59 species of plants were eaten, while only 16 species were utilized for their vegetative parts, and of these only two were prepared as greens. Seri predilection to watery foods (and medicines) appears to be an adaptation to the arid enviroment. Most plant‐derived foods were parched or toasted, ground into flour and consumed as gruel. Increasing the surface area of food particles by this means, a common practice in southwestern North America, effectively conserves water, fuel, and time required for cooking.

The diet of the different Seri Bands necessarily varied because of floristic, vegetational, faunal, and environmental differences. Each season and year in each region yields a different array of kinds and quantities of wild crops.  相似文献   
62.
《Women & health》2013,53(3):123-137
ABSTRACT

This research examined whether sense of belonging in the community and sexual orientation were associated with dysphoria among women. Australian female heterosexuals (n = 202) and lesbians (n = 184) completed the Sense of Belonging Instrument and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales. Results indicated that lesbians experienced a decreased sense of belonging and more dysphoria compared with heterosexual women. Subsequent analyses indicated that sense of belonging to the community mediated the relation between sexual orientation and dysphoria. In addition, sexual orientation moderated the relation between sense of belonging and dysphoria. It appears that the enhancement of lesbians' sense of belonging in the community would be associated with a reduction in dysphoria.  相似文献   
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《The Journal of asthma》2013,50(5):423-426
It is customary in clinical practice and elsewhere to put on a mask for protection against infection, dust, and so forth. The veil, which is traditionally worn by women in many Muslim countries, especially in Saudi Arabia, may have a similar effect. The study was carried out during 1998–1999 in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Adult women were asked to answer a structured questionnaire related to the occurrence of respiratory tract problems and about veil wearing. Veil wearing was practiced by 58% of the sample. Respiratory infections and asthma were significantly more common in veils users (p < 0.00001 and p < 0.0003, respectively). This unexpected finding was probably secondary to infection. More and bigger studies are recommended.  相似文献   
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In keeping with trends in the most affected regions of the world, Jamaican young women are at greater risk of becoming infected with HIV than their male peers. Cross-generational relationships (CGRs), or sexual relationships between younger females and older men, have been reported as contributing to this increased risk. Utilizing a qualitative research design, this study aimed to (1) delineate the context in which CGRs occurred in some rural communities in Jamaica and (2) investigate the sexual risk behaviors that occurred in these relationships. The results indicated that young women engaged in these relationships for three main reasons: economic gain, status, and emotional support. At the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels based on the social ecological model, findings also highlighted various factors which facilitated the occurrence of these relationships in some rural communities, including the transactional nature of the relationships, as well as family knowledge and encouragement. The results also highlighted the occurrence of sexual risk behaviors, such as multiple concurrent partnerships and lack of consistent condom use, which may increase young girls' risk of exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study's findings are consistent with previous research and underscore the challenges faced by intervention planners when promoting safe sex.  相似文献   
67.
The literature hsa been reviewed in an attempt to answer some of the questions related to the nutritional requirements of the elderly. Calories, protein, amino acids, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins A, B, C, D, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, and fluid studies in the elderly are summarized. Nutritional recommendations are included.  相似文献   
68.
Fasting growth hormone (GH) levels and GH responses to exercise were studied in normally menstruating women and in women taking oral contraceptives in order to find out whether the GH levels were related to the menstrual cycle or changed by oral contraceptives. The GH response to exercise was found to be higher when exercise was done in the midcycle period than when it was done at other points of time during the normal menstrual cycle. Fasting GH levels were unchanged throughout the menstrual cycle. Fasting GH levels and GH responses to exercise performed outside the midcycle period were identical in normally menstruating women and in women taking oral contraceptives. In conclusion, the GH response to exercise, but not fasting GH levels, were related to the menstrual cycle. The estrogen and progestin components of the contraceptives used in this study were balanced in such a way that the growth hormone levels and growth hormone responses to exercise were not changed by long-term therapy with these drugs.  相似文献   
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