重楼解毒酊外涂治疗新生儿毒性红斑50例临床观察

目的观察重楼解毒酊外涂治疗新生儿毒性红斑的临床疗效。方法选取2018年6-12月在北京市上地医院儿科住院治疗的新生儿毒性红斑患儿100例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,各50例。对照组予日常的皮肤护理,治疗组在对照组护理方法的基础上予重楼解毒酊外涂,治疗5 d后,比较2组的临床疗效。结果对照组总有效率为74%,治疗组为96%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重楼解毒酊外涂治疗新生儿毒性红斑疗效确切,简便易行,值得临床推广应用。     

双重引导下三点法颈部神经根阻滞在锁骨骨折内固定术中的应用

目的探究超声联合神经刺激仪引导下三点法颈部神经根阻滞在锁骨骨折内固定术中的应用价值。方法78例行锁骨骨折内固定术治疗的患者,依据麻醉方式的不同分为对照组与观察组,每组39例。对照组选用臂丛与颈浅丛联合神经阻滞,观察组在超声联合神经刺激仪引导下分别在C4、C5、C6横突处三点给予小剂量局麻药行颈部神经根阻滞。比较两组麻醉阻滞情况、感觉阻滞效果、麻醉效果满意度与并发症发生情况。结果观察组麻醉操作时间(5.32±1.67)min及阻滞起效时间(4.35±0.81)min短于对照组的(14.68±1.46)、(12.18±1.40)min,感觉恢复时间(630.58±13.62)min长于对照组的(579.16±10.48)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组阻滞完全率89.74%高于对照组的51.28%,阻滞不全率10.26%低于对照组的48.72%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组非常满意率82.05%高于对照组的61.54%,基本满意率17.95%低于对照组的38.46%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为0,低于对照组的43.59%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在锁骨骨折内固定术中应用超声联合神经刺激仪双重引导下行C4~6神经根阻滞,小剂量的局麻药即可取得满意的麻醉效果,并且麻醉操作时间与阻滞起效时间较短,并发症少,值得广泛应用于临床中。     

自动体外除颤仪的配置现状及实施研究进展

自动体外除颤仪(automated external defibrillator,AED)是一种便携式的医疗设备,用于院外心脏骤停(out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,OHCA)患者的早期除颤。欧美等发达国家自上世纪90年代实施推广AED以来取得一定成效,但国内居民对其认知水平和普及程度较低。本文通过综述国内外AED的研究现状及存在问题,为我国今后的研究及相关政策制定提供参考。     

KP1 Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Macrophages in Colorectal Tissues: Effects of Different Fixatives and Different Fixation Times

Abstract

The effects of 10 fixatives and formalin fixation time were assessed on the immunoreactivity of KP1 (CD68 antigens) in colorectal tissues in paraffin embedded sections. A panel of fixatives including B5, periodate-lysine-paraformaldehydedichromate, periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde (PF), zinc formalin, formol dichromate, 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF), Bouin fluid, Carnoy fluid, and acetone were used to determine an optimal fixative. Another set of colorectal tissues were fixed in 10% NBF progressively at intervals of 1,2,4, and 20 hr; 2,7, and 14 days; and 4 wk to investigate the formalin-induced detrimental effect on CD68 antigens of macrophages.

The best result was found after fixation in B5. Short fixation in NBF for 4 hr with trypsinization also gave satisfactory results. There was a distinct decrease in staining intensity after 20 hr exposure to NBF, and the reactivities were totally abolished after 2 days. Trypsinization did enhance the staining intensity significantly with no discrimination of fixatives. (The J Histotechnol 17:329, 1994)     

Glyoxal Fixation and Its Relationship to Immunohistochemistry

Abstract

Glyoxal is a popular substitute for formalin and in many ways acts like it, although there are significant differences. When formulated correctly, glyoxal fixatives produce superior morphological detail in only 1-9 h, but crosslinking does not occur. Glyoxal has a unique reactivity with arginine, producing a cyclic imidazole in place of the highly charged guanidinium group, thus reducing eosinophilia in arginine-rich tissue elements. In the absence of crosslink-induced masking of epitopes, most antibodies work directly on glyoxal-fixed specimens without the need for antigen retrieval. The arginine reaction does cause loss of immunoreactivity in arginine-rich antigens, however. Fortunately, the imidazole is readily removed by a simple antigen retrieval process: pH 8.6 Tris HCl buffer for 10 min at 125°C. The conformational basis for needing antigen retrieval, and how it works on a molecular level is explained for both glyoxal and formalin fixation. (The J Histotechnol 29:65, 2006)

Submitted November 4, 2005; accepted with revisions March 15, 2006.     

Improving placental block morphology using microwave-assisted fixation

ABSTRACT

The histopathologic assessment of placenta is often marred by poorly fixed and processed sections. An audit conducted in the department resulted in 21% of placental blocks showing features of poor processing. A microwave-assisted fixation procedure was introduced using the Micromed KOS microwave oven (ABACUS-ALS, Brisbane, Australia) for 2 h at 45°C. This resulted in an improvement in the quality of the sections with a zero failure rate on a subsequent audit.     

Cigarette électronique chez les patients fumeurs présentant une pathologie psychotique. Revue de la littérature

ObjectivesThis systematic literature review focused on patients suffering from schizophrenia (SZ), psychotic disorders or mental illness (MI) including SZ. It was interested in data on prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use, patient perceptions and expectations, as well as caregivers’ attitudes towards the EC and its benefit in helping to stop or reduce smoking.MethodThe research was carried out on Medline for the period 2000–2020. Cross-sectional, case-control, prospective, randomized controlled studies and preliminary studies were included in this review.ResultsEC is widely used by MI patients with current and lifetime use from 7.4% to 28.6%. More specifically, patients with SZ and schizoaffective disorders observe current and lifetime use from 7% to 36%, respectively. Many reasons are given by patients for its use including the possibility of using it in places where smoking is prohibited, its lower toxicity compared to cigarettes for oneself and those around, its lower cost, and the help provided to reduce consumption.ConclusionEC is used by smokers with MI; several studies confirm the possibility for these smokers to reduce tobacco consumption through EC and without disturbing their mental state. However, its value in helping to quit smoking remains uncertain.