Single-dose oral omeprazole for reduction of gastric residual acidity in adults for outpatient surgery

Omeprazole is a substituted benzimidazole that causes dose-dependent intracellular inhibition of gastric acid secretion in humans. This double-blind study examined the effect of omeprazole in decreasing gastric acidity and gastric residual volume in outpatient adults. Unpremedicated outpatients, ASA I-III, 18 years or older (n = 17), were randomly assigned to receive omeprazole 80 mg, or placebo by mouth the night before scheduled elective outpatient surgery. The patients were fasted for 8 h prior to surgery. After the patient was anesthetized, an orogastric tube was inserted with proper placement verified by auscultation for gastric sounds. Gastric residual contents were withdrawn into a Luken's trap, and pH was then determined and gastric volume indexed to weight (ml.kg-1). Data were analyzed by a t-test, with P less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Patient characteristics of both groups were similar. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups for pH (P = 0.02), but not between the two groups for gastric volume indexed to weight (P = 0.07).     

Does the Prepubertal Duration of Diabetes Influence the Onset of Microvascular Complications?

This study investigated the relationship between the development of diabetic retinopathy and pubertal status at onset of diabetes in 521 Type 1 diabetic patients diagnosed between 1950 and 1985. Pubertal status was based on age at onset (girls ≧ 11 years and boys ≧ 12 years). Retinopathy (all forms) developed in 112 patients (21.5%; 65 background and 47 proliferative retinopathy). For subjects diagnosed in either the prepubertal or postpuberal period, a similar proportion survived without developing retinopathy for any given duration of diabetes (X² = 0.3822, p = 0.54). However, if only the postpubertal duration of diabetes is considered, then the proportion of patients surviving without retinopathy was significantly less for those diagnosed in the prepubertal period (X² = 14.2, p = 0.002). This study suggests that the prepubertal duration of diabetes is an important phase and that the years prior to puberty do contribute to the risk of developing microvascular injury.     

妇科恶性肿瘤术后骨质疏松症的防治

为探讨妇科恶性肿瘤术后骨质疏松症的预防措施,采用补充紫竹爱维和乐力胶囊来预防骨质疏松的发生,分别与未服药的妇科恶性肿瘤及良性肿瘤术后作对照,并对其对骨代谢指标血清骨性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)及血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)的影响进行了临床观察.结果发现恶性肿瘤术后较良性肿瘤术后患者的BALP降低,TRAP增高,服用紫竹爱维与乐力胶囊的患者TRAP均低于未服药的恶性肿瘤术后患者,P＜0.05,均有显著性差异.表明妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者较良性肿瘤更易患骨质疏松症,服用紫竹爱维与乐力胶囊均能有效防治骨质疏松症,前者效果更佳,但应掌握性激素补充治疗(HRT)的应用指征.     

Zum Einfluß von Operationszeitpunkt und Kliniksorganisation auf die postoperativen Komplikationen

Zusammenfassung Über ein Jahr wurden 1082 allgemeinchirurgische Planeingriffe prospektiv konsekutiv erfaßt und ihre Komplikationen mit einem Score bewertet. EinflußgröBen und die Komplikationsraten, die unter Umständen von der Kliniks-organisation abhängig sind, sollten analysiert werden. Es fand sich eine Beziehung zwischen Komplikationen und Wochentag, Operationsdauer sowie der Abweichung der tatsächlich benötigten von der geplanten Operationszeit. Mit höherer Auslastung der Operationssäle pro Arbeitstag stiegen die Komplikationsraten ebenfalls an.Keinen Einfluß auf die Komplikationsraten hatten Operationsbeginn und-monat sowie die monatliche Auslastung der Säle. Ob das Wetter einen Einfluß auf die Komplikationsraten nahm, konnte nicht entschieden werden: so fanden sich im Sommer- höhere Komplikationsraten als im Winterhalbjahr, jedoch war der Score von der Höhe der Außentemperatur und der Luftfeuchtigkeit unabhängig.

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The influence of time of operation and hospital organization on postoperative complication rates

Summary During a 1-year period 1082 general surgical interventions were prospectively documented and their complication rates evaluated by a score system. Factors responsible for the complication rates and possibly depending on hospital organization should be analysed. The complication rates were influenced by the selection of the weekday, the length of operation time and the extent of discrepancy between planned and required operation time. Furthermore, the complication rates paralleled the extent of utilization of the operation theatre during a workday. The complication rates werenot affected by the beginning of operation and the operation month as well as the monthly utilization of the operation theatres. Whether the weather did influence the complication rates could not be decided: higher complication rates were found in the summer as compared to the winter period, but the complication score was independent of the level of the outside temperature and humidity.

     

原发性肝癌并发门静脉高压症的外科治疗

目的 :评价原发性肝癌并发门静脉高压症的外科治疗效果。方法 :回顾性分析联合手术治疗原发性肝癌并发门静脉高压症 30例的疗效。结果 :手术死亡 1例 ,严重肺部感染、肝肾综合征及顽固性腹水各 1例。术后 1、3、5年生存率分别为 93.3%、5 3.3%、40 %。随访中共死亡 1 7例 ,死亡原因 :肝癌复发 9例 ,肝功能衰竭 5例 ,上消化道出血 3例。结论 :理性选择联合手术方式治疗原发性肝癌并发门静脉高压症是安全可行的 ,联合行胃冠状静脉栓塞和脾切除术效果良好。     

妊娠期妇女外阴阴道念珠菌病的病原学和治疗研究

目的 调查孕妇外阴阴道念珠菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis，VVC)的发病率，对检出的VVC进行病原学和治疗研究。方法 连续对产科门诊1000例孕妇进行VVC发病情况调查。对分离的念珠菌进行体外抗真菌药物敏感试验。对66例VVC患者应用咪康唑栓治疗，400mg／d，6d为一疗程。结果 孕妇VVC的发病率为12．7％(127／1000)。37．4％(374／1000)的孕妇以往有VVC病史，0．6％的孕妇为复发性VVc。127例VVC中，白念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和克柔念珠菌分别占87．1％、9．9％、1．5％和1．5％。有4例患者同时感染2种念珠菌。114株白念珠菌对咪康唑、克霉唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、制霉菌素耐药率依次为10．5％、2．6％、6．1％、7．9％和0。13株光滑念珠菌对咪康唑和制霉菌素均敏感，对克霉唑、伊曲康唑和氟康唑均敏感或剂量依赖敏感。应用咪康唑栓治疗的患者在治疗完成后1～2周及4～6周的病原学治愈率分别为84．8％和80．3％。结论 VVC是孕妇的常见病，白念珠菌仍然是主要致病菌，其次为光滑念珠菌。常用抗真菌药物对引起VVC的念珠菌存在不同程度的耐药率，应用咪康唑栓治疗孕妇VVC效果满意。     

Retrospective review of the preoperative biliary and gastrointestinal evaluation for gastric bypass surgery

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency and results of preoperative biliary and gastrointestinal (GI) evaluation of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: Retrospective review of the preoperative evaluation of 144 consecutive RYGB patients. RESULTS: Cholecystectomy had already been performed in 43 (30%) patients; 22% of those patients with an intact gallbladder had cholelithiasis. Ten patients (7%) had an upper GI x-ray (UGI), and 94 patients (65%) had an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Abnormalities were found in 40% of the UGIs and 84% of the EGDs. A total of 96 patients (67%) were tested for Helicobacter pylori; 11% were positive. Twenty-one patients (15%) underwent preoperative colonoscopy; 48% were abnormal, but most of the abnormalities were not clinically significant. Three patients had barium enema x-ray, which was normal in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative biliary and GI evaluation of bariatric surgery patients should include a routine ultrasound of the gallbladder. Routine preoperative EGD will detect a significant number of abnormalities that should be treated, but should rarely alter the bariatric surgical procedure or result in denial of bariatric surgery. Many abnormalities will be asymptomatic. Patients should be routinely screened for H. pylori and, if positive, treated before bariatric surgery. Lower GI evaluation should be performed selectively based on the patient's symptoms, physical findings, and guidelines for colorectal cancer and polyp screening.     

应用MRCP对63例肝移植术后胆道并发症的临床分析

目的评价MRCP在诊断原位肝移植术后胆道并发症中的临床应用价值。方法分析63例肝移植术后怀疑有胆道并发症患者的MRCP图像,并与手术、胆道造影、临床随访证实结果进行对照。所有病例均在高场强1.5T磁共振上进行。MRCP采用两种不同的成像方法:厚层块T2加权成像和薄层块多层T2加权成像。结果MRCP诊断移植术后胆道并发症的敏感性为95.3%(41/43),阳性预测值97.6(41/42),假阴性率为4.54%(2/44),假阳性率为2.27%(1/44)。总诊断准确率为95.2%(60/63)。MRCP作为唯一的诊断方法能为96.8%(61/63)的患者提供特异性诊断结果,仅2例患者需要ERCP和PTHC检查3.2%(2/63)。直接胆道造影作为一项治疗手段应用于22.2%(14/63)的患者中。结论MRCP是评价肝移植术后胆道并发症的有效影像学方法。     

经尿道前列腺电切术和汽化电切术并发症48例分析

目的 分析经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）与经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（TVP）术中、术后常见并发症的原因、预防及治疗，提高手术安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析1999年5月-2006年6月我院TURP和TVP术48例并发症患者的临床资料。结果 平均手术时间75min，平均切除组织41g。术中、术后出血20例，电切综合征（TURS）5例，暂时性尿失禁11例，膀胱颈部挛缩5例，尿道狭窄8例，尿路感染7例，膀胱穿孔1例。结论 TURP和TVP是良性前列腺增生症安全有效的外科治疗方法，术前详细采集病史，术中正确操作。术后对病人正确指导及处理可有效减少手术并发症。     

Intracranial Angioplasty and Stenting in the Awake Patient

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment for intracranial atherosclerosis is evolving, but complications remain an issue. Most interventions are performed under general anesthesia, preventing intraprocedural clinical evaluations. We describe our approach to intracranial angioplasty and stenting, using local rather than general anesthesia, and intraprocedural neurological assessment. METHODS: We prospectively collected procedural and outcome information on all patients undergoing intracranial angioplasty and stenting. Patients underwent interventions under local anesthesia with mild intravenous sedation or analgesia only if needed. Intraoperative neurological evaluations were performed, and symptomatology was used to guide the interventional technique. RESULTS: Forty-eight arteries in 40 patients with a mean age of 65.2 years were treated. Thirty-two anterior and 16 posterior circulation segments were treated. Technical success was achieved in 100% of patients with reduction of the mean pretreatment stenosis from 85 +/- 8.6% to 7 +/- 10.1%. Stents were deployed in 40 segments; five patients were treated with drug-eluting stents. The cobalt-chromium coronary stents were the easiest to deliver. Thirty-seven patients were treated under local anesthesia and, of those, 61.4% experienced intraprocedural symptoms that led to some alteration of the interventional technique. Headache was the most common symptom, and, when persistent, it heralded the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. There were seven total neurological complications, but only five (10.5%) led to permanent morbidity (4 strokes) or mortality (1 death). CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial angioplasty and stenting can be successfully performed using coronary techniques and equipment including drug-eluting stents. Local anesthesia permits neurological evaluations and often leads to the adjustment of the interventional technique, potentially making the procedure safer.