Experience in treating congenital esophageal atresia in China

Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate our recent experience in treating esophageal atresia (EA) and the outcomes observed at a single center for pediatric surgery.

Materials and Methods

The records of infants with EA from 2006 to 2009 were reviewed. Birth weight, associated anomalies, details of management, complications, and outcomes were examined.

Results

Forty-eight consecutive infants with EA were identified from 2006 to 2009, of which 33 (69%) were boys. Mean birth weight was 2668 g (range, 1700-3800 g). Common associated malformations (35%) were cardiac anomalies, imperforate anus, limb anomalies, and chromosomal anomalies. Forty-seven were Gross type C, and one was Gross type A. Forty-five infants underwent ligation of the tracheoesophageal fistula and end-to-side primary anastomosis, and one received a colonic interposition. Six patients died (12.5% mortality). Three died before or during operation because of severe pneumonia and complex cardiac anomalies, and 3 died during recovery (within 1 month after repair) because of aspiration and severe pneumonia (early postoperative mortality was 6.67%). Complications included pneumonia, anastomotic leakage (16%, all recovered after conservative treatment), wound sepsis (11%), recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (9%) (3/4 recovered after conservative treatment), anastomotic stricture (10%), and gastroesophageal reflux in about 2 of 3 patients. Preoperative computed tomographic imaging and 3-dimensional graphic reconstruction used in 15 patients were useful.

Conclusions

Most patients with EA have excellent short- to midterm surgical outcomes. The main factors for mortality are complex cardiac anomalies, aspiration, and pneumonia. Computed tomographic imaging and 3-dimensional graphic reconstruction can provide surgeons with excellent preoperative reference about the anatomy of the defect. Most anastomotic related complications resolve with conservative treatment. Patients of low-risk prognosis group with type A and long gap EA can be managed with a primary colonic interposition with good results. The main midterm complications are gastroesophageal reflux and stricture.     

放射状多切口浮线对口引流治疗高位肛瘘（附45例报告）

目的探讨放射状多切口浮线对口引流治疗高位肛瘘的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我科在2006～2009年45例高位肛瘘患者采取放射状多切口浮线对口引流治疗的临床资料。结果 45例全部治愈,疗程25～35d,无肛门失禁、狭窄、畸形、缺损,肛门功能正常。结论本术式治疗高位肛瘘疗效确切,能有效地保护肛门括约肌功能。     

32例十二指肠外瘘的营养支持

目的 总结十二指肠外瘘的营养治疗经验.方法 对1999年1月至2009年12月间收治的32例十二指肠外瘘患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 32例患者平均接受35.6（8～82） d的营养支持疗法,其中8例接受全肠外营养支持（TPN）,2例接受全肠内营养支持（TEN）,22例接受肠外肠内联合营养支持（PN加EN）.11例患者进行了肠液回输;28例予以谷氨酰胺强化;22例肠瘘初期加用了生长抑素.本组24例十二指肠外瘘患者经非手术治愈,自然愈合率为75.0%;8例接受手术,治愈6例,死亡2例（分别死于严重腹腔感染和多系统器官衰竭）;共计30例患者痊愈出院.结论 肠外肠内营养支持结合肠液回输、强化谷氨酰胺、生长抑素等措施,可促进十二指肠外瘘愈合.     

Arteriovenous access outcomes in haemodialysis patients with HIV infection.

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous (AV) grafts in haemodialysis patients usually fail due to thrombosis or infection. There is limited information on whether graft outcomes in HIV-positive haemodialysis patients differ from those in HIV-negative controls. METHODS: Using a prospective, computerized vascular access database, we identified retrospectively 15 HIV-positive dialysis patients having a graft placed during a 6.5-year period (January 1999 to June 2005), and compared their graft outcomes to those observed in 30 age-, sex- and access date-matched HIV-negative control patients. In addition, the outcomes of AV fistulas in 23 HIV-positive patients were compared with those observed in 32 matched HIV-negative controls. RESULTS: Thrombosis-free graft survival was substantially worse among the HIV-positive patients than in the HIV-negative controls (1-year survival, 17% vs 62%). The hazard ratio for graft thrombosis in the HIV-positive patients was 3.22 (95% CI, 1.66-10.32, P = 0.002). Infection-free graft survival was also lower in HIV-positive patients (hazard ratio 3.51; 95% CI, 1.21-18.85, P = 0.025). Finally, cumulative graft survival (from creation until permanent failure) tended to be lower in HIV-positive patients (1 year survival, 41% vs 65%, P = 0.07). The primary failure rate of fistulas (those never usable for dialysis) was similar in HIV-positive patients and in their controls (44% vs 41%, P = 0.83). Cumulative fistula survival was similar for HIV-positive and negative patients (hazard ratio 1.32; 95% CI, 0.65-3.58, P = 0.33). CONCLUSION: AV grafts have inferior outcomes in HIV-positive patients as compared with HIV-negative patients, whereas fistulas have a similar survival in both groups.     

大网膜人工窦道预防胆管引流管拔出后胆漏的动物实验研究

目的探讨采用带蒂大网膜在胆管引流管周围做成人工窦道的方法及效果。方法建立实验兔胆管引流动物模型。100只新西兰大白兔随机分为2组,即实验组及对照组。每组再随机分成5个亚组,每亚组10只,在手术后3、6、9、12、15d分别剖腹了解5亚组中一亚组胆管引流管窦道形成情况,并取部分窦道壁送病理检查。结果实验组在不同时间点,窦道完全形成动物数分别为:3d8只,6d10只,9d10只,12d10只,15d10只;对照组分别为:3d1只,6d1只,9d2只,12d3只,15d4只。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论采用带蒂大网膜在胆管引流管周围形成人工窦道的方法简单、实用,不仅可缩短留置T管的时间,而且可有效防止拔T管后胆漏的发生,值得临床推广使用。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发肠瘘的诊断和治疗

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)术后并发肠瘘的诊断和治疗。方法对2000年7月至2007年7月手术治疗的107例SAP进行回顾性分析,并对可能导致肠瘘发生的危险因素及其诊断治疗进行总结。结果治疗的SAP发生肠瘘21例,其中结肠瘘17例,十二指肠瘘4例,均出现在术后两周内,有胰腺感染的较无感染的发生率高(P<0.05);早期手术较后期手术发生率高(P<0.05);蝶形引流术较经后上腰引流术发生率高(P<0.05)。结论SAP术后的肠瘘与胰外炎性浸润,手术创伤以及手术时机的选择和手术方式有关。肠瘘的治疗应充分考虑原发病的状况,并根据肠瘘的位置、局部炎症的情况,早期通过加强营养支持,保持瘘口周围引流通畅,多数肠瘘可自行愈合,后期少数不愈合肠瘘可考虑手术治疗。     

Transvenous embolization for dural transverse sinus fistulas with occluded sigmoid sinus

Summary Dural transverse sinus arteriovenous fistulas with cortical venous drainage were associated with a high hemorrhagic risk. Dural transverse sinus arteriovenous dural fistulas could be treated by embolization (transarterial or transvenous), surgery or a combination of both. Transvenous packing of the diseased sinus was considered to be a less invasive and effective method of treatment. Occluded sigmoid sinus proximally, especially cases with isolated transverse sinus, could make the transvenous approach difficult. Craniotomy for sinus packing or surgical excision remained the treatment of choice when the percutaneous transvenous approach was not feasible. We reviewed the techniques of transvenous embolization described in the literature and illustrated our techniques in two consecutive cases of transvenous embolization of the dural arteriovenous fistulas through the occluded sigmoid sinus. We concluded that transvenous embolization remains a safe and feasible technique other than surgery for patients with transverse sinus dural fistula, achieving a long-term occlusion of the pathology.     

Dural arteriovenous fistula of the transverse-sigmoid sinus causing trigeminal neuralgia

Summary The authors analysed an unusual case of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) of the transverse-sigmoid sinus causing trigeminal neuralgia is presented. Although progression to almost continuous facial pain has been reported, symptoms may be indistinguishable from typical trigeminal neuralgia. The patient had a 6-year history of right-sided trigeminal neuralgia initially well controlled by medical management. He was referred for surgical management after 10 months of progressively worsening of symptoms. At the time of consultation, the patient complained of pulsatile tinnitus in the right ear. Computed tomography imaging and angiography demonstrated a DAVF involving the right transverse-sigmoid sinus junction with retrograde venous drainage. Surgical resection of the DAVF provided both angiographic cure and complete relief of all symptoms. The authors discuss the pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia in patients with a DAVF.     

创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的可脱性球囊栓塞治疗技术

目的探讨创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床表现和血管内介入栓塞治疗效果。方法回顾性分析本组共32例创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床表现,采用可脱性球囊微导管技术经股动脉途径闭塞颈内动脉破口处或破口处患侧颈内动脉主干。结果28例一次性治愈;4例术后16~48h因球囊发生早泄移位复发,经再次以可脱性球囊栓塞后治愈。本组有28例(87.5%)闭塞了瘘口,颈内动脉主干保持通畅;4例同时闭塞了瘘口及颈内动脉主干。27例获随访(术后6个月~5.2年),无复发。结论采用可脱性球囊栓塞技术是治疗创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的首选方法。     

主灶切开支管剥离缝合治疗蹄铁型肛瘘82例疗效观察

为探讨蹄铁型肛瘘的治疗方法,采用主灶切开、支管剥离缝合治疗蹄铁型肛瘘82例。结果显示,82例全部治愈,术后无肛门失禁,随访2年无复发。结果表明,主灶切开、支管剥离缝合治疗蹄铁型肛瘘,对瘘管进行充分剥离,术中对肛门括约肌分层缝合,达到了治疗目的,保证了肛门括约肌的完整性,防止了肛门失禁,提高了疗效。