咪达唑仑多次使用对小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察不同剂量的咪达唑仑多次使用对小鼠学习记忆的影响。方法100只KM小鼠分层随机区组设计,分为M1、M2、M3、M4组和生理盐水（NS）组,每组20只,各组再随机选取10只,参加跳台实验或避暗实验。M1、M2、M3和M4组分别以咪达唑仑0.5、1、2和4 mg/kg,NS组以10 ml/kg生理盐水腹腔注射,3次/d,连续10 d后,进行训练,24 h后进行记忆测验,以潜伏期和错误次数作为记忆成绩的指标。结果M1、M2、M3、M4组与NS组比较,M2、M3和M4组与M1组比较,M3和M4组与M2组比较,潜伏期缩短、错误次数次数增多（P〈0.05）;但M3组与M4组比较,潜伏期和错误次数相似（P〉0.05）。结论多次使用咪达唑仑对记忆的影响有一定剂量依赖性,但其记忆抑制作用有封顶效应。     

急性肺栓塞患者右室功能不全与肺血流灌注的相关性

目的观察血压正常的急性肺栓塞患者右室超声心动指标与肺血管阻塞严重程度相关性及治疗有效性的预测价值。方法回顾我院6年间收治的56例血压正常的急性肺栓塞患者的临床资料,分析其超声心动图所测得的右室收缩末期及舒张末期面积与肺灌注扫描灌注缺损数和增强螺旋CT所代表的肺血管阻塞之间的相关性。结果与正常对照相比,肺栓塞患者右室舒张末面积和收缩末面积增大,且与肺灌注缺损数呈正相关（r=0.76,P<0.01;r=0.77,P<0.01）,而舒张与收缩末面积的变化率则降低,与肺灌注缺损数呈负相关（r=-0.44,P<0.01）。增强CT显示血管阻塞越广泛,收缩末面积越大（P<0.05）,舒张与收缩末面积的变化率越小（P<0.05）。治疗有效时,肺灌注缺损数随右室功能的好转而降低。结论血压稳定的急性肺栓塞患者右室功能的异常程度与肺血管的阻塞程度密切相关,右室功能的检查可用于观察肺灌注情况以及治疗有效情况的相关指标。     

硝酸酯心肌灌注显像估价冠心病合并左心室功能不全患者的预后

目的　评价硝酸酯99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像在冠心病合并左心室功能不全患者中的预后价值。方法　 87例进行了静息 硝酸酯99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像的患者 ,冠状动脉造影证明所有患者均存在明显的冠状动脉狭窄 (≥ 5 0 %)。并进行了随访。结果　硝酸酯99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像提示有灌注异常 ,但心肌存活的 38例 ,其中接受冠状动脉再血管化的 2 2例 ,接受药物治疗的 1 6例 ;灌注异常、心肌不存活的 4 9例 ,其中接受冠状动脉血管重建和药物治疗的分别为 30例和 1 9例。平均随访 (2 3± 1 4 )个月。随访期间共发生 2 0例心脏事件 (心脏性死亡 6例、非致死性心肌梗死 4例、不稳定性心绞痛 5例、难以控制的心力衰竭 5例 )。在有存活心肌的患者中 ,接受药物治疗患者的心脏事件发生率明显高于接受冠状动脉血管重建治疗的患者 (6 2 5 %比 4 5 %;χ2 =1 5 1 3,P <0 0 0 5 ) ;在心肌不存活的患者中 ,接受血管重建和药物治疗患者的心脏事件发生率差别无显著性 (1 6 7%比2 1 1 %;χ2 =0 1 5 ,P =NS)。结论　对于冠心病合并左心室功能不全患者 ,硝酸酯心肌灌注显像有重要的预后价值     

Myocardial perfusion defects and associated systemic ventricular dysfunction in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries

Background—Patients with systemic ventricles of right ventricular morphology are at high risk of contractile dysfunction, the cause of which has not been fully elucidated.
Objective—To assess whether ischaemia or infarction contributes to ventricular impairment in unoperated patients with uncomplicated congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (TGA) by studying myocardial perfusion and function.
Setting—Paediatric and adult congenital cardiac clinics of a tertiary referral centre.
Patients—Five patients with congenitally corrected TGA but without associated structural cardiac defects (aged 3.5 to 34 years).
Interventions—Maximal exercise stress testing using standard or modified Bruce protocols. Sestamibi (technetium-99m methoxy isobutyl isonitrile) scanning after isotope injection at maximal exercise and rest.
Main outcome measures—Maximum exercise capacity; right ventricular myocardial perfusion, regional wall motion, and thickening; right ventricular ejection fraction.
Results—The two youngest patients (3.5 and 11 years) had normal exercise capacity for age, while the others had reduced exercise performance. Sestamibi scanning showed reversible myocardial ischaemia in four patients and fixed defects indicating infarction in five. Irreversible defects were mostly associated with impaired wall motion and thickening. The ejection fraction was normal (65%) in the youngest patient but < 55% in the others (mean (SD) 47(11)%).
Conclusions—Patients with unoperated congenitally corrected TGA have a high prevalence of myocardial perfusion defects, with consequent abnormalities of regional wall motion and thickening, and impaired ventricular contractility. These data suggest that ischaemia and infarction are important in the pathogenesis of ventricular failure in this condition.

Keywords: congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries;  ventricular dysfunction;  myocardial perfusion;  sestamibi scanning     

Diagnosis of coronary vasospasm by detection of postischemic regional left ventricular delayed relaxation using echocardiographic evaluation with color kinesis

BACKGROUND: Coronary vasospasm has been diagnosed by invasive provocative procedures during coronary arteriography. It would be useful to have a reliable, noninvasive, and safe diagnostic method for coronary vasospasm. Regional left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction may persist without systolic dysfunction after an episode of coronary vasospasm. Color kinesis (CK) has been recently developed to facilitate the echocardiographic evaluation of regional wall motion. HYPOTHESIS: Color kinesis may be useful for diagnosis of coronary vasospasm by detection of postischemic regional LV diastolic wall motion abnormality. METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive patients with the last chest symptom within 2 weeks (4 +/- 3 days) were studied echocardiographically. Regional fractional area change during the first 30% of LV filling time in percentage of the segmental end-diastolic area change (CK diastolic index) was used to identify diastolic endocardial motion asynchrony. RESULTS: After diagnostic coronary arteriography with spasm provocation, 26 patients were diagnosed with coronary spastic angina (CSA) and the other 25 with chest pain syndrome (CPS). Regional delayed relaxation (CK-diastolic index < or = 50%) or diastolic asynchrony had been observed in at least one region in 25 (96%) patients with CSA, whereas it had been noted in 2 (8%) patients with CPS. In 17 (65%) patients with CSA, it had been detected in multiple vascular territories, suggesting multivessel spasm. The diastolic asynchrony disappeared in CSA after a month of angina-free period. CONCLUSION: Analysis of CK images allows identification of regional LV delayed relaxation or diastolic asynchrony in patients with coronary vasospasm, differentiating them from patients with chest pain syndrome (sensitivity 96%, specificity 92%).     

严重左心室功能不全冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架术疗效研究

目的　研究左心室 (左室 )功能不全冠心病患者冠状动脉 (冠脉 )内支架术的疗效及预后。方法　包括 6 6例左室功能不全 (射血分数≤ 0 35 ) (左室功能不全组 )和同期 6 6例年龄、性别及一般情况匹配但左室功能正常的行冠脉内支架术冠心病患者 (对照组 )。比较两组冠脉病变程度 ,冠脉内支架术中及术后随访情况。结果　与对照组相比 ,左室功能不全组多支冠脉病变患者明显增多 ( 6 7%和 4 7% ,P <0 0 5 ) ,完全血运重建率降低 ( 6 5 %和 82 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;两组术中并发症发生率及支架术成功率均相似 (分别为 3%和 0 % ;95 %和 96 % ,P >0 0 5 )。平均随访二年发现左室功能不全组支架术后左室射血分数明显提高 (术后 0 35± 0 11和术前 0 30± 0 0 4 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,无严重心脏不良事件 ,生存率和对照组相似 ( 80 %和 86 % ,P >0 0 5 )。结论　冠脉内支架术对左室功能不全冠心病患者安全有效 ,术后患者远期生存率与左室功能正常者相似     

不同小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图与18F-脱氧葡萄糖心肌代谢显像对比检测冠心病左心室收缩功能严重受损患者存活心肌

目的 :与18F 脱氧葡萄糖单光子发射计算机断层摄影术 (SPECT)心肌代谢显像对比 ,评价不同小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图 ,检测冠心病左心室收缩功能严重受损患者存活心肌的准确性和安全性。方法 :冠心病心肌梗死伴左心室收缩功能严重受损 (平均左心室射血分数 0 3 8± 0 0 5 )的患者 3 3例 ,1周内分别进行不同小剂量多巴酚丁胺 [3、5、10 μg/(kg·min) ]超声心动图和99m锝 甲氧基异丁基、18F 脱氧葡萄糖SPECT心肌灌注及代谢显像。图像分析均采用 16节段半定量法。以18F 脱氧葡萄糖SPECT检测结果为标准 ,评价不同小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图检测存活心肌的敏感性、特异性、准确性和安全性。结果 :3 3例患者的 3 65个运动异常节段中存活心肌检出率 :18F 脱氧葡萄糖SPECT心肌代谢显像检出的存活心肌节段为 67 4% ,多巴酚丁胺 3、5和 10 μg/(kg·min)分别为 3 8 9%、61 4%和 70 4%。多巴酚丁胺 3 μg/(kg·min)检出的存活心肌节段显著低于18F 脱氧葡萄糖SPECT心肌代谢显像检出的存活心肌节段 (P <0 0 0 1)。多巴酚丁胺 3、5、10μg/(kg·min)超声心动图检出存活心肌的敏感性分别为 5 1 6%、82 9%和 91 8% ,准确性分别为 63 6%、81 6%和87 8% ,均显著递增 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 0 1) ;副作用发生率分别     

小剂量氯胺酮预处理对骨科老年患者术后认知功能的影响

目的：研究小麻醉剂量氯胺酮预处理对骨科老年患者术后认知功能的影响。方法：选取本院骨科择期行下肢手术的56例65~80岁老年患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和氯胺酮组各28例,氯胺酮组行全麻诱导后,以0.25 mg/（kg·h）速度持续静脉泵注氯胺酮,对照组给予等容量生理盐水静脉泵注。检测术前1 d、术后6 h、24 h、48 h、72 h外周静脉血肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）水平,记录术前1 d、术后24 h、48 h、72 h简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）评分,评价认知功能。结果：氯胺酮组术后6 h、24 h、48 h血浆TNF-α、IL-6升高程度及术后24 h、48 h、72 h术后认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率均明显低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：小麻醉剂量氯胺酮预处理可以降低骨科手术患者术后早期POCD发生率,推测可能与氯胺酮的抗炎性反应有关。     

氯米芬联合补肾助阳中药对诱导排卵周期中子宫内膜厚度的影响

目的：探讨氯米芬联合补肾助阳中药对诱导排卵周期中子宫内膜生成厚度以及受孕率的影响。方法：选取60例排卵障碍性不孕患者,按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组各30例。试验组接受氯米芬联合补肾助阳类中药治疗,对照组仅采取氯米芬治疗,监测并比较两组患者治疗后的卵泡发育情况、子宫内膜厚度和受孕情况。结果：试验组排卵前优势卵泡直径明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）;排卵前子宫内膜较对照组明显增厚（P〈0.05）;且试验组总妊娠率和临床有效率均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：氯米芬联合补肾助阳中药治疗排卵障碍性不孕疗效显著,优于单一的西药治疗。