The carcinogenicity of smegma: debunking a myth

BACKGROUND: Smegma is widely believed to cause penile, cervical and prostate cancer. This nearly ubiquitous myth continues to permeate the medical literature despite a lack of valid supportive evidence. METHODS: A historical perspective of medical ideas pertaining to smegma is provided, and the original studies in both animals and humans are reanalysed using the appropriate statistical methods. RESULTS: Evidence supporting the role of smegma as a carcinogen is found wanting. CONCLUSIONS: Assertions that smegma is carcinogenic cannot be justified on scientific grounds.     

Female genital mutilation in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and distribution of female genital mutilation (FGM) procedures in a Nigerian population. METHODS: Five hundred consecutive women were evaluated for evidence of FGM. The WHO classification system was utilized. Demographic and sociocultural information was collected. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of women were found to have some type of FGM. Type I and Type II procedures were the most common. Fifty-five percent of women were unaware they had FGM and 62% with FGM did not know the reason. Twenty-one percent of women said they were going to have FGM on their daughters. CONCLUSIONS: FGM is still broadly practiced among ethnic and religious groups in Nigeria. Educational efforts need to be directed at eliminating this practice.     

直肠癌双吻合器吻合术后常见并发症的防治(附196例报告)

目的：探讨直肠癌双吻合器吻合术术后常见并发症的防治。方法：对广东省阳江市人民医院和广东省中医院在1996年1月至2002年12月间共收治的196例直肠癌患者行双吻合器吻合术所出现的并发症进行回顾性分析。结果：直肠癌双吻合器吻合术术后并发症以吻合口瘘最多见，其次是吻合口狭窄及吻合口出血。结论：通过回顾性研究，确定直肠癌双吻合器吻合术术后的常见并发症及其发生原因，以及预防的对策。     

应用国产双吻合器行直肠癌保肛手术

目的探讨国产双吻合器在直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性总结我院1996年以来67例直肠癌患者应用国产双吻合器法行结直肠吻合保肛手术的经验。结果本组在直肠癌手术中应用双吻合器作直肠残端闭合均成功。吻合器切割不全4例,术后发生吻合口瘘2例(3.0%),切口感染2例(3.0%),吻合口出血1例(1.5%)。术后病理检查切缘癌细胞阴性65例,阳性2例。术后局部复发3例(4.5%),无手术死亡。结论国产双吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中是安全可靠的,它可以完成以往手法缝合难以完成的低位结直肠吻合术。     

结合激光技术行小儿包皮环切整形

目的：评价结合激光技术行小儿包皮环切整形术的疗效及安全性。方法：应用CO2激光机高功率切割及低功率凝固止血的原理，将CO2激光环切术与整形方法结合治疗小儿包茎、包皮过长。对包茎者在阴茎头部背侧用激光纵向切开1cm左右，分离内板与龟头之粘连后，设计将环切直线改成“S”形曲线，且内外层形成错落状，再作环切整形；包皮过长者行常规激光环切。全过程应用生理盐水纱布作冷却及保护，手术时间约15～20min。结果：72例小儿包茎、包皮过长患儿完全治愈，术后随访1个月～2年，无感染、血肿、阴茎口狭窄等并发症发生。结论：激光整形合一，无痛无血，无需拆线，疗效安全可靠。     

吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术与外剥内扎术的临床疗效对比

目的：对比评价吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术与外剥内扎术的临床疗效。方法：将124例患者随机分为吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术（吻合器）组和外剥内扎术组，术后观测指标，手术时间、术后疼痛，住院时间，肛门括约肌功能，恢复正常工作和生活的时间，术后并发症发生率及术后复发情况，结果：吻合器组与外剥内扎术组相比，手术时间明显缩短（12－40min,P=0.003)，疼痛持续时间短（1－4d,p=0.03)，应用镇痛药物频率低（0－6次，P＝0．02）,术后住院时间缩短（1－7d,P=0.006)，恢复正常工作和生活的时间短（4－12d,P=0.005)，术后并发症少（P＝0．009），术后复发情况两组差异无显著性意义（P＝1．36），结论：吻合器痔上黏膜形切除术是一种安全、有效、痛苦小，并发症少的治疗痔了血和脱垂的新技术，但长期效果还需进一步观察。     

弧形切割缝合器在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用

目的:探讨新型弧形切割缝合器(凯途TM)在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用.方法:回顾性分析2005年11月至2006年6月收治的46例低位直肠癌应用新型弧形切割缝合器施行低位前切除的临床资料.双重器械吻合前切除术40例中,1例家族性腺瘤样息肉病行全大肠切除回肠J型贮袋肛管吻合术;39例直肠癌,其中Dukes A期 11例,Dukes B期15例,Dukes C期13例,分别行低位或超低位前切除术、或前切除术.Hartmann术6例为5例Dukes D期和1例高龄体虚Dukes B期低位直肠癌.结果:双重吻合前切除40例中,超低位吻合33例(33/40,82.5%);无吻合口瘘发生,无局部复发出现;吻合口出血3例(3/40,7.5%),直肠阴道瘘2例(2/18,11.1%).行Hartmann术6例,直肠切割闭合处平均距肛缘2.8 cm.结论:弧形切割缝合器在低位直肠癌的保肛手术中的应用与直线形切割缝合器相比有着较大的优势.     

包皮环切术致阴茎异常勃起的综合治疗(附1例报告)

阴茎异常勃起临床较少见,其病因较为复杂,治疗较困难。本文报道1例因包皮环切术所致的长时间阴茎异常勃起,并发局部皮肤坏死,在常规方法无效的情况下,用传统的中医疗法———中药结合刮痧、放血取得了较好的临床效果。     

Female genital mutilation: have we made progress?

Interest curtailing the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) has increased in the past 20 years. Although the political and legal environment towards the practice is more hostile, this awareness has yet to translate itself to measurable changes in prevalence. At the local level activities are shifting from a clinical, health risk, model to an understanding of the phenomenon in its social context. Under patriarchal structures of social control of sexuality and fertility, women and girls are the primary social group to suffer from as well as to perpetuate the practice of FGM. With appropriate investments in psychological and economic empowerment, women are also the most likely group to resist the practice.