喜炎平注射液联合维生素K3治疗小儿秋季腹泻的疗效观察

目的观察喜炎平与维生素K3联合治疗小儿秋季腹泻的疗效.方法将89例秋季腹泻患儿随机分为2组.治疗组采用喜炎平与维生素K3联合治疗,对照组则采用利巴韦林治疗,疗程5d.结果治疗组的总有效率为93.3%,显著优于对照组的65.9%(X2=10.37,P＜0.01).结论喜炎平与维生素K3联合治疗小儿秋季腹泻值得进一步推广.     

The comparative evaluation of cellular localization of viral antigens with microscopic changes in the ileum of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea

The correlation between microscopic changes with cellular localization of viral antigens was studied in the ileum of 16 cases infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Microscopic lesions in the ileum included multifocal erosive and ulcerative ileitis, severe congestion and hemorrhage, crypt dilation and mucus engorgement, epithelial debris and leukocytes, lymphoid depletion of Peyer’s patches, herniation of mucosal epithelium into depleted Peyer’s patches, and fibrinoid vasculitis of submucosal vessels. BVDV antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in macrophages, dendritic cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells of crypts, and mucosal epithelium, together with other mononuclear cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts, and intramural ganglial cells. No consistent correlation between the presence of BVDV antigen and vascular lesions in the ileum was identified. The intensity and distribution of the immunoperoxidase stain in the ileum was graded as highly positive (18.7%), moderately positive (56.3%), and mildly positive (25%). In conclusion, the pattern and density of distribution and localization of BVDV antigen in the ileum was not consistently correlated with the severity of microscopic lesions.     

危重症患者抗生素相关性腹泻的临床分析

目的 探讨危重症患者抗生素相关性腹泻的发病率、发病因素，进一步探讨抗生素应用对腹泻严重程度的影响。方法 对我院CCU及综合科2年内77例抗生素相关性腹泻的危重症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 高龄、原发病的严重程度、侵袭性操作增加、频繁更换抗生素等都是重要的诱发因素，意识障碍越重、抗生素更换越频繁，腹泻持续时间越长。结论 合理应用抗生素，尤其应避免由低级到高级频繁更换抗生素，可以降低危重症患者抗生素相关性腹泻的发生率及严重程度。     

肺炎克雷伯菌致婴幼儿腹泻发病动态观察

目的观察肺炎克雷伯菌所致婴幼儿腹泻的发病动态与流行趋势，探索有效治疗措施。方法取腹泻患儿新鲜大便，送作细菌培养，从中筛查出肺炎克雷伯菌所致病例，进行整理分析。结果从大便培养阳性的1005例病例中，筛查出肺炎克雷伯菌322例，占32％，居同期病原菌之首。年龄均在3岁以下，其中1岁以内婴儿占71．7％，夏秋季为发病高峰。结论肺炎克雷伯菌是人体肠道正常寄居菌之一，当机体抵抗力低下时，可致婴幼儿腹泻，成为重要的条件致病菌，其发病的流行因素与年龄、免疫力、季节、喂养方式及抗生素的应用等多种因素有关。近几年来，发病人数呈逐年上升趋势，提请临床儿科医生引起关注。     

腹泻灵外敷治疗急性肠炎的临床观察和实验研究

以丁香、肉桂、细辛等组成的腹泻灵外敷脐部(神阙穴)治疗急性肠炎106例,痊愈率为91.5%。并随机设立痢特灵、庆大霉素、山莨菪碱西药对照组100例,痊愈率为88%。两组相比,腹泻灵组对各项观察指标的改善情况均明显优于西药组(p<0.01)。动物实验证明,腹泻灵内用无急性毒性反应及过敏反应,长期外用无蓄积性毒性作用,对球结膜与完好皮肤及破损皮肤均无刺激作用。     

健脾止泻饮治疗糖尿病腹泻32例观察

目的:观察自拟健脾止泻饮治疗糖尿病腹泻的临床疗效。方法:治疗组32例用健脾止泻饮治疗,对照组30例用维生素B1、复方苯乙呱啶、盐酸黄连素治疗。结果:治疗组总有效率93.8%,对照组总有效率56.7%,两组比较有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:健脾止泻饮治疗糖尿病腹泻有较好疗效,且无不良反应和毒副作用。     

腹泻型肠易激综合征患者结肠黏膜组织异常表达蛋白质的筛选与鉴定

目的 筛选及鉴定腹泻型肠易激综合征(D-IBS)患者与正常人结肠黏膜组织中的差异表达蛋白.方法 D-IBS患者及健康志愿者各4例,分别为D-IBS组和正常对照组.通过结肠镜取回盲部及乙状结肠黏膜进行活检,用含0.1% PMSF的冰盐水将标本洗净后立即置于液氮中保存.提取蛋白质,采用双向凝胶电泳法筛选差异表达蛋白,并采用质谱法对变化最明显的蛋白点进行鉴定.结果 利用双向凝胶电泳技术成功得到人结肠黏膜组织的蛋白质组图谱.正常对照组图谱平均得到蛋白点336个,组内图像平均匹配率92%,D-IBS组图谱平均得到蛋白点426个,组内图像平均匹配率95%.D-IBS组与正常对照组之间进行平均胶图谱的比较,两组间匹配率为74%.Volume值变化大于2倍以上的点共24个,其中21个点表达上调,3个点表达下调.表达上调最明显的2个蛋白点经鉴定分别为免疫球蛋白J链(Ig-j)和热休克蛋白27(HSP27),表达下调最明显的2个蛋白点则分别为血红蛋白β亚基和果糖二磷酸醛缩酶A.结论 采用双向凝胶电泳法可以成功得到人结肠黏膜组织蛋白质组表达图谱,D-IBS患者与正常人结肠黏膜组织蛋白质表达存在差异,已经鉴定出来的4个蛋白可能在D-IBS的发病机制中起一定作用.     

Plasma Concentrations of Mycophenolic Acid Acyl Glucuronide Are Not Associated with Diarrhea in Renal Transplant Recipients

The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of the acyl (AcMPAG) and phenolic (MPAG) glucuronide metabolites of mycophenolic acid (MPA) were related to diarrhoea in renal transplant patients on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TCL). Blood samples (0, 30, 120 min) were taken at days 3, 10, week 4, months 3, 6 and 12 for determination of MPA, MPAG and AcMPAG. MPA-AUC was estimated using validated algorithms. Two hour AUCs were calculated for MPAG and AcMPAG. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of CsA/MMF (n= 110) and of TCL/MMF (n= 180). In 70/290 (24%) patients 86 episodes of diarrhoea were recorded during 12 months. Significantly more patients on TCL (31.1%) suffered from diarrhea compared to CsA (12.7%). MMF dose, MPA-AUC and the 2 h AUCs of MPAG and AcMPAG did not differ between patients with and without diarrhoea. Plasma AcMPAG and MPAG concentrations were substantially higher in patients on CsA compared with TCL, while MPA-AUC was lower in the former group. These data support the concept that CsA inhibits the biliary excretion of MPAG and AcMPAG, thereby potentially reducing the risk of intestinal injury through enterohepatic recycling of MPA and its metabolites.     

小儿感染性腹泻病原与肿瘤坏死因子水平的关系

肿瘤坏死因子是非常重要的炎症介质。本文为观察小儿感染性腹泻时ＴＮＦ水平与病原的关系。对１９９５年６月￣１９９６年８月收治的４６例细菌感染性腹泻，３５例病毒感染性腹泻患儿进行检测，于入院第一天测定ＴＮＦ水平记录当天的最高体温及腹泻次数，同时进行粪便病原学检查，结果表明在两组具有可比性的情况下，细菌性腹泻组较病毒性腹泻组的ＴＮＦ水平显著增高。     

云南省路南彝族自治县小儿急性腹泻病流行病学调查

1986—1987年对云南省路南县5岁以下儿童随机抽样1016例,每月调查急性腹泻病发病情况。结果表明年发病率为1.43±0.07次/年。6月至1岁组发病率最高。4、5、6月为发病高峰季节,病原学检查以产肠毒素埃希氏大肠杆菌为主占39.1％,其次为轮状病毒,占26％。两年定群研究得出小儿急性腹泻病发病危险因素为饮用溏水沟水,随地大小便,多子女家庭与体弱多病儿童及人畜共居等。因此,改善供水,培养卫生习惯,加强计划生育等措施是该县防治本病主导措施。